Abstract: Economical design of hydraulic networks has been a subject of research for some time. Piping has been the main focus of this research because it represents the greatest percentage of the investment in a network. Pipe cost ...

Abstract: When a problem of hydraulic transients with entrapped air in pipelines and/or with water‐column separation is tackled, the variation of the length of the liquid column is not usually taken into account. In this paper (due ...