Abstract: There are four critical factors that affect air voids (VA) of asphalt concrete over time: traffic loads and repetitions, environmental regimes, compaction, and asphalt mix composition. Because of the high as-construct VA ...

Abstract: The casting process creates a significant amount of waste foundry sand (WFS). Using WFS as a concrete ingredient reduces the problems associated with the dumping process of these types of wastes, removes/reduces carbon ...