Abstract: An output specification is an integral part of the contract documentation for procuring and monitoring public private partnership (PPP) or private finance initiative (PFI) projects throughout their life cycles. Unlike ...

Abstract: Long-span suspension bridges are typically designed against wind and earthquake loadings without considering blast loads because existing blast-resistant design guidelines for bridges are limited and in fact not detailed ...

Abstract: The design of suspension bridges predominantly emphasizes wind and earthquake loads, frequently overlooking the consideration of extreme events in the design stage, thus posing a threat to bridge safety. The purpose of ...

Abstract: The construction industries of developed countries are faced with an aging workforce and a shortage of recruits. It is common for migrant workers/ethnic minorities (EMs) who are already part of the society to join the ...

Abstract: The construction industries of developed countries are faced with an aging workforce and a shortage of recruits. It is common for migrant workers/ethnic minorities (EMs) who are already part of the society to join the ...