Abstract: Weak, free surface vortices at vertical intakes with a headrace channel are defined by the first observance of a persistent dye core upon dye injection. Dimensionless parameters describing free surface vortex flows are ...

Abstract: There is a significant oxygen transfer associated with most hydraulic structures because the air entrained into the flow is split into small bubbles, which greatly increases the surface area for transfer. In spite of the ...

Abstract: An indexing relationship, used to index and directly compare measurements, is developed for liquid phase‐controlled gas transfer in self‐aerated flows from theoretical considerations. The indexing relation is shown to ...