Abstract: The term building frame as defined in this paper, refers to a general flat‐plate structural system, comprising thin Kirchoff plates (the floor slabs), which are interconnected by one‐dimensional flexural elements (the ...

Abstract: Bell split, in which a shard is separated from the bell end of a bell-spigot joint, is a predominant failure mode (in addition to longitudinal facture) that is observed in lead-caulked bell-spigot joints of large-diameter ...