Abstract: This study addresses first the question of what normal-mode global Rossby waves might exist in the Earth's atmosphere. Then it identifies fourteen of these theoretically predicted waves in the NMC global tropospheric ...

Abstract: Three years of twice-daily NMC global operational analyses were projected onto normal mode Rossby waves to produce a climatology of these waves. For zonal wavenumbers. 1 through 4, annual average geopotential amplitudes ...

Abstract: Meteorologists need to be able to manipulate arbitrary dates in the past, present, and future. Here calendar rules for both the Julian (old) and Gregorian (modern) calendars are reviewed. The author describes free software ...

Abstract: The forward model solution and its functional (e.g., the cost function in 4DVAR) are discontinuous with respect to the model's control variables if the model contains discontinuous physical processes that occur during the ...

Abstract: An ensemble forecast is a collection (an ensemble) of forecasts that all verify at the same time. These forecasts are regarded as possible scenarios given the uncertainty associated with forecasting. With such an ensemble, ...

Abstract: This paper addresses the anomaly correlation of the 500-hPa geopotential heights from a suite of global multimodels and from a model-weighted ensemble mean called the superensemble. This procedure follows a number of current ...