Abstract: This paper surveys biomechanical models of the nonimpact type, involving the musculo-skeletal system. Models of bones, joints and body segments, including human gait and motion of the whole body ...

Abstract: Although there has been a large number of mathematical models proposed for the simulation of spinal response to acceleration, few have been validated against experimental data and none appears ...

Abstract: The angular acceleration of a rigid body with respect to a body-fixed (moving) frame can be reliably computed from nine acceleration field measurements. Noncommutativity of finite rotations causes ...

Abstract: A mathematical simulation was performed to study the potential of head and neck injury to an unbelted driver restrained by an airbag. The baseline study represented a 50th percentile male dummy ...

Abstract: The dynamic response of the human head to side impact was studied by 2-dimensional finite element modeling. Three models were formulated in this study. Model I is an axisymmetric model. It ...

Abstract: The impact response of the human head has been determined by three-dimensional finite element modeling. This model represents the essential features of a 50th percentile human head. It includes ...

Abstract: In an urban environment, pedestrians account for a disproportionately high percentage of traffic fatalities in comparison with the percentage of accidents in which they are involved, according ...

Abstract: The computation of angular acceleration of a rigid body from measured linear accelerations is a simple procedure, based on well-known kinematic principles. It can be shown that, in theory, a ...

Abstract: Experimental evidence is presented to document the load-bearing capability of the articular facets which join the vertebrae of the spine together posteriorly. Contrary to the general opinion that ...