Timoshenko Beam Theory Is Not Always More Accurate Than Elementary Beam Theory

Abstract

A counterexample involving a homogeneous, elastically isotropic beam of narrow rectangular cross section supports the assertion in the title. Specifically, a class of two-dimensional displacement fields is considered that represent exact plane stress solutions for a built-in cantilevered beam subject to “reasonable” loads. The one-dimensional vertical displacement V predicted by Timoshenko beam theory for these loads can be regarded as an approximation to either the exact vertical displacement v at the center line, or a weighted average of v over the cross section, or a quantity defined to make the virtual work of beam theory equal to that of plane stress theory. Regardless of the interpretation of V and despite the presence of an adjustable shear factor, Timoshenko beam theory for this class of problems is never more accurate than elementary beam theory.