Blast Vibration and Environmental Loads Acting on Residential Structures: State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract

This paper provides a unique literature review of cracking defects developing in low-rise residential structures as a result of deformation caused by environmental loads and low-level blast vibrations. Characteristics of cracking and corresponding causes are reviewed with an emphasis on Australian brick veneer construction although findings are relevant to other construction types around the world. Factors affecting structural response to blast vibrations are examined and loads equivalent to blast vibrations are presented. The influence of expansive soils upon structures is briefly reviewed including a summary of soil shrink/swell behavior. The desiccating effects of vegetation are reviewed in addition to the role trees may play in contributing to damage. The findings of this research are of vital importance to damage investigations in areas experiencing low-level vibrations.