Methods of Motivating for Increased Productivity

Abstract

Motivation of people is one of the factors that significantly influences their productivity (output/input). This paper discusses how one can use various motivation theories to improve the productivity of individuals in an organization. The theories discussed are: Maslow's theory based on human needs, Herzberg's theory based on job enrichment and hygiene factors, McGregor's theory based on ways of perceiving people, Vroom's and Porter‐Lawler's theories based on expectancy, and Skinner's theory based on recognition and punishment. Wherever possible, examples are presented where an intentional or unintentional use of motivation theories has led to improvement in productivity. It is summarized that as a first step towards motivating people in an organization, management should show confidence in the capabilities of its people, should provide necessary training and organizational support, should treat them fairly and equally in terms of initial salary and subsequent rewards, and finally, management should pay more attention to the use of nonmonetary incentives in motivating people.