Community Emergency Response Training (CERTs): A Recent History and Review

Abstract

This paper examines the rise of Community Emergency Response Training (CERT) organizations in the United States. Since first appearing in Los Angeles, California in 1985, these groups have grown from a small number of communities to over 139 programs present in 26 states. Most groups have gone beyond a focus on a single hazard and now prepare citizenry for multiple hazards and emergencies. This paper examines the growth and expansion of these groups. Although there are observable regional differences, there are also generalizations that can be drawn from CERT's expansion and success. These factors are identified and discussed: institutionalization at local/federal levels; state seed funding; local/regional “champions”; having a large CERT program in the region; and standardization of training and materials. Although there are indications of continued program growth, there are also recommendations that can assist in the viability of these programs. In particular, policymakers should encourage the integration of CERTs into city emergency response plans and expand the utilization of these groups in nonemergency activities.