State-Space Discretization of the Kalinin-Milyukov-Nash-Cascade in a Sample-Data System Framework for Streamflow Forecasting

Abstract

A discretization of the continuous Kalinin-Milyukov-Nash-cascade is performed with the help of state-space analysis for hydrological forecasting of streamflow. A sample-data system approach is used during the discretization and results in discretely coincident values with the continuous model. The sample-data system uses input values measured instantly in time and assumes linear changes in the value of the input variable between discrete data measurements. Such description gives a generalized formulation of the pulse-data system approach often used in system engineering and discrete-time analysis of hydrological systems. An example is given to demonstrate that the approach results in improved forecasts of stream-discharge values when compared with the more traditional pulse-data system approach.