Deficiencies and Failures of Non–Load-Bearing Masonry Walls in Riyadh

Abstract

Fifty-four existing buildings (five to eight years old) and 54 construction sites were surveyed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Different types of masonry walls were used, mainly as non–load-bearing reinforced or unreinforced and cavity walls. It was found that the causes of cracks and failures were attributed to structural changes, temperature changes, and foundation settlement deficiencies. It was also found that these failures and cracks can be minimized by adopting proper masonry design and construction. This can be accomplished by introducing movement joints, bed-joint reinforcement, adequate support and anchoring, and good artisanship and supervision.