| description abstract | This special issue features the 2025 Emerging Investigators in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage. Twenty-three emerging investigators were invited to this special issue to showcase up-and-coming scientists and engineers in the field of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Emerging investigators are typically in the early stages of their independent careers (within about 12 years following graduation with a doctorate degree) and have demonstrated potential for high impact in the field. The purpose of this special issue is to highlight emerging scientists and engineers making outstanding contributions to the field of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The JEECS associate editors have contributed to the suggestion of emerging investigators and to the review of invited manuscripts for this special issue. We also thank the reviewers for their careful and diligent review of the invited work. We would like to specially acknowledge the support of Andrew Clarke from the journal editorial team.A portrait of a man with short dark hair and a beard, wearing glasses and a light-colored button-up shirt. He is smiling slightly. The background is blurred, showing a series of arches and columns.Zeeshan Ahmad is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Texas Tech University. He received his B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and MS and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University. Prior to joining Texas Tech, he worked as a postdoctoral scholar at the University of Chicago. His research focuses on advancing sustainability and energy efficiency by fundamentally understanding, modeling, and predicting the behavior and performance of materials for energy conversion and storage at the atomic scale and mesoscale. His group also develops machine-learning tools for accelerating atomistic simulations and material discovery. Recent research has focused on identifying the role of defects and interfaces in solid-state batteries and hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductors.A portrait of an individual with shoulder-length dark hair and glasses, looking directly with a slight smile. The person is wearing a dark top and has a nose ring on the left nostril. The background is plain and white.Özgür Çapraz is an Associate Professor in Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Previously, Professor Çapraz was an Assistant Professor in the School of Chemical Engineering at Oklahoma State University and a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Illinois. Professor Çapraz received their BS and Ph.D. degrees from Middle East Technical University in Turkey and Iowa State University, respectively. The research interests have been focused on elucidating the chemo-mechanical behavior of advanced materials during their routine operating conditions for energy-related applications. The overarching goal of the research program is to improve the reliability and performance of battery materials and their ability to transport and store various metal ions in electrochemical energy storage devices. Professor Çapraz has substantial expertise in electrochemistry and mechanics of materials with an emphasis on defect chemistry and novel characterization methods. The research group has been funded by prestigious agencies, including the Department of Energy, Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, Binational Science Foundation, Air Force, and NASA.A professional headshot of a man in an indoor setting with natural lighting. The man is wearing a light-colored, button-up shirt and is positioned in front of a window. The background features a series of vertical and horizontal lines, part of the window frame.Dr. Marm B. Dixit is an R&D Staff Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where his research focuses on electrochemical energy storage, including lithium-ion and solid-state batteries. His work integrates advanced characterization, electrochemistry, automation, and data-driven analytics to understand and develop next-generation, circular battery systems for transportation and grid applications.A portrait of a man in a formal setting, featuring a close-up view of his face and upper body. He is wearing a dark suit jacket over a shirt, complemented by a dark tie with a subtle pattern. The man has short black hair, neatly styled, and a clean-shaven face. He is smiling warmly, showing his teeth,Fudong Han is the Priti and Mukesh Chatter ‘82 Career Development Chair Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). He received his BS degree in 2009 and his MS degree in 2012, both in Materials Science and Engineering from Shandong University in China, and his Ph.D. degree in 2018 in Chemical Engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park, where he also did 1-year postdoctoral research. He joined RPI as an Assistant Professor in 2019 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2025. Working at the interface between materials science and electrochemistry, his research aims to understand the fundamentals of materials to identify and address key performance, cost, and manufacturing challenges of battery technologies for transportation electrification and grid storage. He has published >90 papers in scientific journals. He is selected as a Highly Cited Researcher in the cross-field by Clarivate from 2022 to 2025. He is a recipient of the Materials Research Society Nelson “Buck” Robinson Science and Technology Award for Renewable Energy, ARPA-E IGNIITE Award, NSF CAREER Award, and the Electrochemical Society Electrodeposition Division Early Career Investigator Award. He also received the 2024 School of Engineering Research Excellence Award at RPI.A portrait of a man with a serious expression, wearing glasses and a suit. His hair is dark and slicked back, and he has a full beard and mustache. He is dressed in a formal suit with a checkered pattern, a shirt, and a tie. The background contrasts with the sharp focus on the subject's face.Dr. Daniel Juarez-Robles is a Sr. Research Engineer at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), specializing in energy storage systems, including lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells, as well as mechanical engineering, mathematical analysis, and scientific computing. He earned his BS and MS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Guanajuato, where he focused on polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance through modeling and experimental research. He also holds an MS in Applied Mathematics from CIMAT and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University, where he conducted degradation-safety analytics on energy storage systems across various scales. His expertise includes electrochemical characterization, cell testing, and module design for real-world applications. Dr. Juarez-Robles previously worked at UL as a research scientist, focusing on fire and gas characterization of lithium-ion cells and redox flow batteries under thermal runaway conditions. At SwRI, he leads projects on battery technology advancements, including low-impedance cells, and has recently begun supporting the analysis of immersion cooling systems for batteries. He brings extensive expertise in electrochemical testing, materials characterization, and battery system development. Dr. Juarez-Robles is dedicated to advancing safer, more efficient, and high-performance energy storage solutions.A portrait of a man with short dark hair and glasses, wearing a light-colored button-up shirt. The man is facing forward with a neutral expression. The background has subtle curved lines.Dr. Byoungchul Kwon is a Research Scientist at the Electrochemical Safety Research Institute (ESRI) within UL Research Institutes (ULRI). At ULRI, he has led and contributed to multiple experimental and simulation projects addressing safety challenges associated with lithium-ion batteries in energy storage and transportation applications. His research focuses on characterization of thermal runaway at the cell level, thermal runaway propagation in battery modules and packs, gas and particulate emissions during battery failure events, fire suppression in battery energy storage systems, and safety considerations for aviation applications. Prior to joining ESRI, Dr. Kwon earned his Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. His doctoral research investigated firebrand-induced ignition in wildland–urban interface fires, with a focus on interactions between flaming and smoldering firebrands and the pyrolysis kinetics of combustible materials. In addition, he designed and built a customized experimental setup incorporating an FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) gas analyzer to perform in situ gas analysis during lithium-ion battery thermal runaway, an experience that now supports diagnostic testing and failure analysis for industry-relevant battery safety investigations.A portrait of a young man with medium-length dark hair and glasses, smiling slightly. He is wearing a dark zip-up jacket over a light-colored collared shirt. The jacket has a logo on the left side that reads Toronto Metropolitan University. The background is softly blurred.ChungHyuk Lee is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Toronto Metropolitan University. He did his undergraduate studies at McGill University (Chem. Eng.), and his Ph.D. at the University of Toronto (Mech. Eng.). Prior to his current position, he worked in government research agencies—at Los Alamos National Laboratory as a postdoctoral fellow and at the National Research Council Canada as a research associate. He is the recipient of the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies Presidential Award for Next-Generation Science and Technology Leaders and the Canadian Light Source Young Investigator Excellence Award. His research group focuses on electrochemical energy devices—combining advanced characterization tools and electrochemical engineering to advance the performance and durability of electrochemical energy systems.A portrait of a woman with long, dark hair, smiling gently. She is wearing a dark blouse with a subtle collar, and her hair falls naturally over her shoulders. The background is softly blurred.Dr. Mengya Li is a Battery R&D Scientist in the Emerging and Solid-State Batteries Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Since joining ORNL in 2018 as a Postdoctoral Research Associate, she has developed a strong research portfolio in next-generation energy storage, with dual emphasis on sodium-ion battery development and cathode–electrolyte interphase engineering for high-nickel NMC cathodes. Her work spans materials synthesis, electrode engineering, advanced characterization, and cell manufacturing, integrating fundamental interfacial science with scalable design to enhance battery durability, stability, and performance. Dr. Li received her BS in Materials Physics from Nanjing University and her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Vanderbilt University, and her research aims to enable durable, high-performance, and scalable battery technologies for grid and electrification applications. Dr. Li has authored over 40 peer-reviewed publications and made impactful contributions across multiple energy storage chemistries, including Li-ion, Na-ion, Li–S batteries, and supercapacitors, with particular expertise in high-energy composite electrodes, carbon nanomaterials, and three-dimensional carbon architectures.A portrait of a young man wearing glasses, a dark suit jacket, a white dress shirt, and a striped tie. He has short, dark hair neatly styled with a neutral expression. The background is plain and white.Binghe Liu is currently an Associate Director at the Institute of Automotive Engineering and an Associate Professor at the School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University. He also serves as an Executive Committee Member of the Advanced Energy Systems Division (AESD) of ASME. His research focuses on power battery safety, multiphysics numerical simulation, and impact dynamics, with particular emphasis on the dynamic mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries, the triggering mechanisms of thermal runaway under impact loading, and cross-scale mechanical–electrical coupling performance and modeling. Over the past 5 years, he has led and participated in several national and provincial research programs and collaborated with industry partners, including Huawei, Chang’an, Xiaomi, and OPPO. He has published over 30 SCI (Science Citation Index) papers as first or corresponding author in journals, such as Acta Materialia, Energy Storage Materials, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, and Journal of Power Sources, and holds more than 10 invention patents (granted or pending). He also serves as a guest editor and reviewer for several SCI journals (including JEECS).A portrait of a man with short brown hair and a beard, smiling and wearing a dark zip-up sweater over a dark shirt. The background is neutral.Jeff Lowe is a Virtual Propulsion Engineer in Battery Cell Electrochemistry at General Motors (GM). He earned his BS in Chemical Engineering from Michigan Technological University and received a Ph.D. in the same discipline from the University of Michigan. He was a Lillian Gilbreth Postdoctoral Fellow in the Departments of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry at Purdue University. His background is in the atomistic modeling of interfaces in electrochemical systems. At GM, he develops modeling techniques to evaluate various battery chemistries for future electric vehicle (EV) programs. His focus is on employing multiscale modeling techniques to link atomic-scale models with full cell performance metrics in batteries for EVs.A professional portrait of a man in an indoor setting with a neutral background. The man is wearing glasses and is dressed in a formal suit jacket over a patterned shirt.Dr. Lin Ma is currently an Assistant Professor at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He began his scientific career in the energy storage field with the development of conversion cathode materials under the supervision of Professor Yong Yang at Xiamen University, where he obtained his BSc in chemistry (2012). He then earned his Ph.D. in 2020 by working with Professor Jeff Dahn on high-voltage Li-ion batteries at Dalhousie University with the support of a Killam Fellowship. Supported by Dr. Brad. E. Forch Distinguished Postdoc Fellowship, he then moved to the U.S. Army Research Laboratory/University of Maryland for postdoc training (2019–2022) under the supervision of Dr. Kang Xu, Professor Chunsheng Wang, and Dr. Oleg Borodin. Dr. Ma's research interests focus on the use of electrochemistry and materials science in clean energy technologies (mainly energy storage systems) to address energy and environmental challenges. He is the author and coauthor of more than 90 peer-reviewed journal articles, 1 book, and 6 patents. He was the winner of 2026 ACS-PRF Doctoral New Investigator, 2025 Energy and Fuels Rising Stars, 2025 40 Under 40 Awards (Charlotte Business Journal), 2024 ORAU Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award, 2023 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Emerging Investigators, 2023 ECS Battery Workforce Development Award, 2022 Young Investigator Award (Batteries, MDPI), 2021 ECS Battery Division Postdoctoral Associate Research Award, and 2017 ECS Battery Division Student Research Award. He serves as an assistant editor for Energy Storage Materials and an active reviewer in the energy field for 100+ publications, including Nature, Nature Energy, Journal of Power Sources, ACS Energy Letters, etc.A professional headshot of a man in an indoor setting with a neutral background. The man is wearing a white collared shirt and glasses. The background is plain.Aashutosh Mistry is an experimental theorist. He has been an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and a faculty fellow of the Payne Institute for Public Policy at the Colorado School of Mines since Aug. ‘23. His work is about developing next-generation energy technologies (e.g., batteries), cultivating the workforce supporting these futuristic technologies (through research, teaching, mentoring, and service), and engaging the public for science advocacy. The development of next-generation energy technologies is intrinsically sluggish, given an incomplete understanding of how materials-scale behavior translates to the device-scale performance. Aashutosh’s group synergistically combines controlled experiments, physics-based theory, and machine learning to elucidate the mechanisms describing the predictable materials-to-devices connection. Some of the mechanisms they have uncovered are extended mixed conduction in intercalation hosts, physics of unexpected bulk motion of neutral species in polarized electrolytes, the relative importance of various molecular motions in defining electrolyte transport, deleterious effects of nonenergy-storing phases in battery electrodes, and viscous effects opposing dewetting of pendant liquid drops.A black and white portrait of a man smiling, with a shaved head, and wearing a collared shirt. The background is blurred.Christopher Patridge, Ph.D., is a materials and electrochemistry researcher as an Associate Professor of Chemistry at D’Youville University in Buffalo, NY, where he has taught applied health, analytical, physical, and instrumental chemistry since 2013. He holds a Ph.D. in Materials Chemistry and a B.A. in Chemistry from the University at Buffalo, as well as an MS in Criminalistics from John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Dr. Patridge brings industry experience in energy storage, having consulted in battery cell development at Dimien Inc., where he worked on lithium-ion battery research on patented vanadium-based cathode technology and electrochemical diagnostics for coin- and pouch-cell formats. Earlier, as an NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Naval Research Laboratory, he advanced impedance techniques for battery health monitoring and X-ray spectroscopy methods for studying capacity fade. An active member of the American Chemical Society's Western New York Section, he holds a U.S. patent on doped nanoparticles. He serves in leadership roles at D’Youville as Senate President and associate department chair and was recognized as D’Youville's Research Faculty of the Year in 2019.A casual headshot of a young woman in an indoor setting with a neutral background. The woman is wearing a dark, simple t-shirt, and the lighting is soft, centered on the face.Sobana Perumaram Rangarajan is a Battery Life Modelling Engineer at General Motors, working within the Electric Propulsion Systems Integration organization in Warren, Michigan. She focuses on battery analytics, diagnostics, and life modeling for electrified vehicle platforms, with an emphasis on data-driven and physics-informed methods. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University, where her research focused on fast-charging degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries, particularly lithium plating, and the development of diagnostic approaches to detect and quantify such degradation. Her current work spans degradation modeling, machine-learning-based diagnostics, and the integration of analytical algorithms into vehicle-deployable software systems. Through cross-functional collaboration, she supports robust battery health assessment and the advancement of reliable, scalable solutions for next-generation electric propulsion systems.A portrait of a woman with shoulder-length dark hair, smiling and wearing a dark blazer over a top. The background is a neutral, blurred gradient, which does not distract from the subject.Yuliya Preger is a Principal Member of Technical Staff in the Energy Storage Technology and Systems Group at Sandia National Labs. She earned her Ph.D. and BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and MIT, respectively. Her work spans battery degradation and abuse response, application of power electronics to energy storage safety, and system-level energy storage analysis. Dr. Preger is a cofounder of Battery Archive, the first public repository for visualization and comparison of battery degradation data across institutions, which has been used by thousands of individuals in academia and industry in over sixty countries. Her previous recognitions include the SWE Rising Technical Contributor Award for leadership and technical contributions to energy storage technology, as well as multiple papers named to the 1% Most Cited in The Electrochemical Society.A portrait of a woman with long, straight hair and glasses, smiling and wearing a dark blazer over a light-colored top, complemented by a necklace with a circular pendant. The background is a plain, neutral shade.Susmita Sarkar is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at North Carolina State University. She completed her postdoctoral training as a Schmidt Science Fellow at Stanford University and earned her Ph.D. from Purdue University, West Lafayette. Her research is centered on the design, manufacturing, and characterization of sustainable electrode materials and polymer electrolytes for next-generation battery technologies. Her group employs innovative imaging and electrochemical analytics to gain fundamental insights into the mechanisms governing performance, safety, and longevity across diverse battery chemistries, including lithium metal and sodium-ion batteries, as well as emerging battery form factors such as flexible and stretchable batteries.A portrait of a man with short, curly hair and a beard, wearing glasses and a dark, collared shirt, with a neutral expression. The background is a plain, muted color.Krishna Shah, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Texas, Arlington, and visited Lawrence Berkeley National Lab as a visiting researcher. Prior to joining UA, he was a postdoctoral scholar in the Texas Materials Institute at the University of Texas, Austin, and a postdoctoral scholar and lecturer at the University of California, Merced. His research focuses on electrochemical energy storage systems (Li-ion and beyond Li-ion batteries) and thermal-fluid transport in energy systems, with recent emphasis on solid-state batteries using hybrid electrolytes and on understanding battery degradation mechanisms and pathways under system-level dynamics. He has authored and coauthored more than 30 peer-reviewed journal articles. His research has been supported by the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation. He has been recognized for his contributions to research and to promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), including being selected as one of the 30 Rising Stars in Mechanical Engineering at UC Berkeley. He is also a faculty advisor to UA's Battery Workforce Team in the DOE Battery Workforce Challenge.A portrait of a man smiling and with short hair, wearing a dark shirt with a subtle pattern. The shirt collar is slightly open, revealing a light-colored undershirt. The background is plain.Ankit Verma received his bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from BITS Pilani, IIT Kanpur (India), and Purdue University (USA), respectively. After a 2-year postdoctoral researcher stint at the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), he has transitioned to a staff scientist at NLR with expertise in physics-based and data-driven modeling of current and advanced lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. His interests lie in unraveling the coupled reaction–transport-mechanics behavior in these electrochemical systems with experiment-driven validation to provide predictive insights for practical advancements. Predominantly, he works on improving silicon anodes’ energy density and calendar life as part of the Silicon Consortium Project (https://www.nlr.gov/transportation/silicon-anode-consortium), linking manufacturing to performance of solid-state batteries and upcycling of end-of-life graphite/NMC electrodes as part of the ReCell Center (https://recellcenter.org/). His past works include optimization of lithium-ion battery electrodes for high-power discharge, fast-charge applications, and understanding electrodeposition stability in metal anodes. Ankit has authored over 50 articles and 3 book chapters and presented over 30 conference talks. He has received the Ward A. Lambert graduate teaching fellowship at Purdue and the President's Award at NLR.A portrait of a man wearing glasses and a suit, looking directly. He has short, dark hair and a neatly trimmed beard. His expression is neutral, and he is wearing a white shirt with a black tie under a dark suit jacket. The background is plain and light-colored.Bairav Sabarish Vishnugopi is a Research Assistant Professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. He received his B.E. in Mechanical Engineering from Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, in 2018 and his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University in 2023. His research focuses on understanding the mechanistic origin and evolution of reactive-transport, chemo-mechanical, and thermo-electrochemical interactions in electrode architectures and interfaces for energy storage and conversion. His work leverages physics-based modeling and data-driven frameworks to interrogate, understand, and predict the performance, degradation, and safety of lithium-ion and next-generation batteries. He has coauthored more than 80 peer-reviewed journal publications spanning diverse battery chemistries and applications, including electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage.A portrait of a man wearing glasses, a dark suit, a white striped tie, and a white shirt with subtle dots. He has short black hair and is smiling. The background is neutral.Xiao-Guang Yang is a Full Professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Beijing Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2014 and subsequently worked at the Battery and Energy Storage Technology Center at Pennsylvania State University as a Postdoc (2014–2018) and Assistant Research Professor (2018–2021). His research focuses on enhancing the lifetime, safety, and fast-charging performance of electrochemical energy storage systems. He has published over 60 peer-reviewed journal articles in leading journals, including Nature, Nature Energy, Joule, and PNAS, with more than 7900 citations and an H-index of 31. His work on thermally modulated fast-charging batteries was recognized by The Guardian as one of the “Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs of 2022.”A portrait of a man with short, dark hair and glasses, wearing a light-colored collared shirt. The man is facing slightly to the right, with a neutral expression and a slight smile. The background is a plain, light-colored wall.Chunhao Yuan is an Associate Professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Southeast University, Nanjing, China. He received his BS in Automotive Engineering from Beihang University (2018) and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from UNC Charlotte (2022). His research interests mainly focus on battery safety, interfacial instability of all-solid-state batteries, multiscale multiphysics modeling, and energy-related electro-chemo-mechanics. In recent years, his research group has explored the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling mechanism in high-energy-density batteries, including lithium dendrite initiation and growth, interfacial instability and damage in Si composite anode, and manufacturing process optimization.A portrait of a man with short black hair and glasses, wearing a striped polo shirt. The shirt features horizontal stripes in shades of colors, with a small emblem on the left side of the chest. The man is smiling gently, looking straight. The background is blurred.Dr. Juner Zhu is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Northeastern University. Previously, he was a Research Scientist at MIT with joint appointments in Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, where he codeveloped the Industrial Battery Consortium and served as its Executive Director (2020–2022). In 2023, he cofounded the Center for Battery Sustainability, a collaborative initiative between Northeastern and MIT fostering partnerships among academia, industry, and government. Dr. Zhu received his BS and MS from Tsinghua University, graduating with the highest honor awarded to graduate students. His research focuses on coupled multiphysics phenomena in materials, structures, and energy systems, spanning mechanics of materials, electrochemical energy storage, and AI for science. He has authored over 50 peer-reviewed journal publications. His honors include the NSF CAREER Award (2026), ECS Toyota Young Investigator Award (2024), Ford University Research Program Award (2024), LG Energy Solution Battery Innovation Contest Award (2023), and the ASME Haythornthwaite Foundation Research Initiation Award (2022). He serves on the editorial boards of Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Extreme Mechanics Letters, and Cell Reports Physical Science.A professional portrait of a young woman in an outdoor setting with a blurred natural background. The woman is wearing glasses and a light-colored blazer over a top. The background consists of greenery, and the lighting is natural.Yangying Zhu is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering department at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She obtained her Ph.D. from MIT, where she developed microsystems for aggressive two-phase cooling of electronics. During her postdoc training at Stanford University, she investigated thermal effects in lithium-based batteries. Her group focuses on understanding thermal and fluid processes for batteries, electronics, water, and advanced manufacturing. She investigates nonuniform temperature effects on batteries and metal additive manufacturing via microscopic measurement, and engineers microstructures to enhance thermofluids transport for desalination and thermal management applications. | |
