| description abstract | Abstract. Inspired by the structural features, kinematic differences, and functional distinctions between the arm wings and hand wings of birds, we propose a design method for a two-loop closed-chain flapping-wing mechanism. The primary bionic motion is achieved through two single-loop mechanisms, while functional integration is facilitated by the double-loop coupling. A double-loop closed-chain spatial six-bar flapping-wing mechanism with a single degree of freedom (DoF) is ultimately designed. The proposed mechanism can realize the coupled movements of flapping, folding, and twisting with a single motor, making the motion morphology closer to that of real birds. The flapping-wing mechanism, based on bionic design, was verified through kinematic and aerodynamic analyses to resemble biological movement and exhibit aerodynamic characteristics. The flight maneuverability of this single-DoF spatial mechanism is further validated through prototype fabrication and experimental testing. Our study explores the coupled motions of bird wing flapping, folding, and twisting, contributing to a novel single-DoF spatial flapping-wing mechanism. | |
