| description abstract | Prefabrication is highly recognized in construction due to its inherent cost efficiency, quality control, and sustainability benefits. However, the presence of uncertainties in prefabrication processes hinders the realization of these advantages, necessitating addressing production time uncertainty. Mixed reality (MR) has demonstrated promising outcomes in mitigating time uncertainties as an immersive visualization and simulation technology in different domains. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of MR-based approaches in prefabrication to reduce time uncertainty. The methodology comprises Discrete event simulation (DES) modeling, correlation analysis, and the development of an MR-based immersive visualization and simulation tool. Following an initial work study to measure standard times, visualizations of 13 processes in the prefabricated panel production were developed in the Unity environment and deployed on the HoloLens 2. Through several work studies before and after MR implementations, the study demonstrated a 10.8% reduction in the total completion times (P99) in correlated production activities. Findings emphasize that MR reduces time uncertainty by providing an immersive, interactive, and dynamic approach, ultimately improving efficiency in prefabrication. The study contributes to existing knowledge by quantifying the impact of MR on completion times and underscores the importance of addressing time uncertainties for sustainable lean prefabrication. The sensitivity analysis results prioritized the reinforcement trade in managerial decision-making, emphasizing the need for MR-based approaches for targeted improvement opportunities. Minimizing scheduling uncertainty is of practical importance in realizing prefabrication benefits. This study emphasizes the practical applications of MR technology in the construction industry, specifically in the prefabrication process. By utilizing the developed MR-based approach as an immersive visualization and simulation tool, construction stakeholders can streamline their operations, reduce uncertainties, and achieve significant benefits. The MR-based approach enables real-time monitoring, analysis, and collaboration among project teams, empowering them to make informed decisions and adapt to dynamic production processes. By quantifying the impact of uncertainties and delays, stakeholders can prioritize MR-based approaches, particularly for skilled trade teams, to optimize resource allocation and improve production efficiency. Further, MR contributes to achieving lean production targets of prefabrication by optimizing resource usage, enhancing values, and reducing waste. The findings emphasize the importance of MR in managerial decision-making, providing insights that enable informed choices to maximize efficiency and productivity. The study demonstrates how MR can revolutionize prefabrication practices, making construction projects more sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient. | |
