Soil Parameters of Kallang Formation and Old Alluvium in Singapore for Excavation Study with Plaxis

Abstract

Plaxis is a software program widely used in Singapore for the analysis of excavation problems in the Kallang Formation and the Old Alluvium. The present study showed that the soft soil creep model was the most appropriate for excavation study of a retaining wall with a stabilizing berm in the estuarine deposit and the upper and lower marine clays of the Kallang Formation, and the hardening soil model was the most appropriate for the fill, fluvial deposits, and Old Alluvium in Singapore using Plaxis. The appropriate values of soil parameters of the estuarine deposits, fluvial deposits, Kallang Formation, and Old Alluvium for excavation study required by the hardening soil and the soft soil creep models will be summarized based on the summary of design parameters of a detailed geotechnical study and a literature review of the appropriate values reported in the literature for each soil layer. The validity of using such values for Plaxis analysis will be confirmed by a comparison of the predicted deflection of a diaphragm wall with the field measurement. The appropriate values of soil parameters of the estuarine deposits, fluvial deposits, Kallang Formation, and Old Alluvium for excavation study required by the hardening soil and the soft soil creep models will be very useful for practicing engineers.