Generalized Load Deformation Relationship for Bearing-Type Single-Bolted Connections

Abstract

The bearing boundary conditions in bolted connections can be classified either as open. when end tear-out is possible, or as closed, when end tear-out is physically impossible. In this study, comprehensive tests of single-bolted bearing connections were conducted and analyzed considering the two bearing boundary conditions. The primary objective was to develop a generalized load–deformation relationship that can be used when designing group-bolted connections based on the instantaneous center of rotation method (ICRM). A new bearing-strength formula, permissible deformation limits, and new load–deformation relationship covering high-strength steel were proposed.