Radar Backscattering by Large, Spongy Ice Oblate Spheroids

Abstract

Calculations have been made of the radar backscattering, differential reflectivity, and circular depolarization ratio of large oblate spheroids composed of spongy ice. Results are compatible with laboratory measurements by earlier investigators. As expected, scattering of 10-cm radiation depends to an important extent on the size, water content, and axial ratios of the spheroids. Observations of differential reflectivities close to zero in hailstorms can be explained, as was done by V. N. Bringi and his associates, as resulting from the irregular shapes and tumbling of hailstones. But such observations could also be explained by size-distributed oblate spheroids with equivalent diameters greater than about 3.5 cm, falling with vertical symmetry axes.