Modeling Soluble Manganese Removal by Oxide‐Coated Filter Media

Abstract

Mathematical models were developed to predict design and operational conditions needed to implement oxide‐coated media as a treatment process for soluble manganese removal. Two separate models were developed to predict the continuous removal of soluble manganese in the presence of free chlorine (continuous regeneration model), and the eventual breakthrough of soluble manganese without oxidant addition (intermittent regeneration model). Each model was derived from chemical reaction, mass balance, or isotherm equations and was further developed by a sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation. Model verification involved review of independent research studies regarding soluble manganese removal.