Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 841-860 of 6019
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On the Accuracy of the Backward Hemispheric Integrating Nephelometer
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)Modified integrating nephelometers are used to measure backward hemispheric scattering coefficients together with total scattering coefficients. These parameters yield information about the chemical nature of the aerosol ... -
The Change in Earth-Atmosphere Albedo and Radiational Equilibrium Temperatures due to Stratospheric Pollution
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)The changes in the earth-atmosphere albedo and radiative equilibrium temperature due to perturbations in the solar radiative balance are investigated. The perturbations are induced through the introduction of varying amounts ... -
Comments on “Energy Budgets for Three Small Plots—Substantiation of Priestley and Taylor's Large-Scale Evaporation Parameter”
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)tract -
Structure and Interaction in the Subcloud Region of Thunderstorms
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)The subcloud inflow and outflow structures of two multicell thunderstorms were synthesized from data by a variety of observation systems. The systems included digitized radar, instrumented aircraft, radar chaff, rawinsondes ... -
Approximate Determination of Aerosol Size Distributions
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)An extremely simple, practical method is presented for determining aerosol size distributions approximately. Assuming a Haze H model for aerosol particles, a set of simple graphs and tables is produced to give an immediate ... -
Objective Prediction of Ice Formation, Freeze-up and Breakup on the Great Lakes
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)Objective predictions of first permanent ice formation and freeze-up on the Great Lakes were made by use of cumulative freezing degree-day totals, by the Lisitzin-Rodhe-Bilello equation, by use of departures from normal ... -
Parameterization of Fractional Cloud Amounts in Climatic Models: The Importance of Modeling Multiple Reflections
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)The neglect of multiple reflections between clouds and the earth's surface leads to an underestimate of the downward flux of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface. This underestimate is most pronounced in regions ... -
An Application of Markov Theory to Spacecraft Launch Planning
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)To illustrate the effective use of meteorological data in the planning of spacecraft launchings, certain statistical relationships are presented based on Markov theory and empirical counts. The practical results are in ... -
Doppler Radar Measurements of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rates in a Northeastern Colorado Convective Storm
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)In this paper we report the results of measurements of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates within a convective storm. The measurements were obtained with two Doppler radars, one scanning the storm from a distance ... -
The Hailpad Calibration for Italian Hail Damage Documentation
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)After a synthesis of the characteristics of the hailpad used by the Central Office of Agrarian Ecology, Italy, the calibration method is described, including the formula, data and necessary techniques, together with the ... -
A Microwave Radiation Monitor
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)A microwave radiation monitor designed for rapid measurement of microwave power density in the field is described. The instrument incorporates a broad-band spiral antenna whose design is based on a knowledge of the field ... -
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Silver Content of Precipitation from Seeded and Nonseeded Florida Cumuli
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)A subprogram of NOAA's 1973 Florida Area Cumulus Experiment (FACE) was undertaken to determine the silver content of precipitation associated with convective clouds massively seeded with silver iodide nucleant over southern ... -
Comparison of Layer Thickness as Observed by Nimbus E Microwave Spectrometer and by Radiosonde
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)Atmospheric layer thicknesses derived from Nimbus 5 (Nimbus E) Microwave Spectrometer (NEMS) are compared with radiosonde-derived thicknesses for selected short periods, and an average 45 m rms discrepancy is found for the ... -
A Technique for Estimating Tropical Open-Ocean Rainfall from Satellite Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)A procedure has been devised for extracting the frequency of highly reflective clouds from visual satellite picture mosaics of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Over the period May 1971 through April 1973 monthly frequencies of ... -
Optimal Raingage Densities and Accumulation Times: A Decision-Making Procedure
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)The requirement addressed by this study is that of estimating the rainfall over a given area within a given accuracy. Decision criteria are given explicitly, historical data sets are used to obtain the necessary statistics, ... -
A Supersonic Expansion Method of Ice Nuclei Generation for Weather Modification
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)Aerosols of organic ice nucleating agents were formed by rapid adiabatic expansion, by passing superheated steam laden with the organic vapors through a supersonic nozzle. The effect of the Mach number of the flow through ... -
Relative Influence of Stratospheric Aerosols on Solar and Longwave Radiative Fluxes for a Tropical Atmosphere
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)The solar and longwave radiative effects of a stratospheric aerosol layer between 18 and 22 km are compared for a tropical atmosphere. The changes in the daily mean solar and longwave radiative fluxes above and below the ... -
Explanation of Multimodal Doppler Spectra in Terms of Sub-Beam Scale Motions
(American Meteorological Society, 1976)Vertical incidence Doppler radar observations of an evaporating ice crystal cloud revealed many multimodal Doppler spectra, with modes often separated by more than 1 m s?1, and unusually large variances. The observations ...