Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 641-660 of 6019
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Reflected Radiance Measured by NOAA 3 VHRR as a Function of Optical Depth for Saharan Dust
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A near-linear relationship is described between aerosol optical depth for Saharan dust over the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean and radiance measured aboard the NOAA 3 satellite by the VHRR. -
An Assessment of NHRE Hail Suppression Seeding Technology Based on Silver Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Detailed analyses of three storms seeded in the National Hail Research Experiment (NHRE) during 1974 investigated the relationships between the occurrence of silver (from AgI) in precipitation and both the seeding activity ... -
Temporal Variations in Atmospheric Water Vapor and Aerosol Optical Depth Determined by Remote Sensing
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)By automatically tracking the sun, a four-channel solar radiometer was used to continuously measure optical depth and atmospheric water vapor. The design of this autotracking solar radiometer is presented to allow construction ... -
Winds Derived from Radar Measurements in the Arctic Troposphere and Stratosphere
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Using the Chatanika radar near Fairbanks, Alaska, vertical profiles of horizontal wind extending over an altitude range of about 2 to 23 km have been measured. These profiles agree in detail with simultaneous rawinsonde ... -
Experiments In Automatic Cloud Tracking Using SMS-GOES Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A description is given of the component parts of a computer system for automatically tracking clouds shown by sequences of pictures obtained by geostationary weather satellites. The component programs perform the following ... -
Further Statistics of Precipitation Probability Forecasts
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A nonparametric technique based on a pattern recognition algorithm is used to forecast the probability of precipitation for 42 stations over the western United States. Mean-square errors or Brier scores between forecasted ... -
A Comparison of Aerosol and Momentum Mixing in Dust Storms Using Fast-Response Instruments
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Fast-response light scattering measurements at two heights during a Texas dust storm are combined with horizontal and vertical wind data to derive and compare aerosol flux estimates using three techniques. The major result ... -
Microclimate as Background Environment for Ecological Studies of Insects in a Tropical Forest
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Microclimate data collection and analyses were made in support of an ecological study of changes in transmission cycles of insect-borne disease during a three-year period of construction of a hydroelectric dam. The dam ... -
Numerical Optimization Techniques in Air Quality Modeling: Objective Interpolation Formulas for the Spatial Distribution of Pollutant Concentration
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A technique is proposed for objection interpolation of the air quality distribution over a region in terms of sparse measurement data. Empirical information provided by the latter is effectively combined with knowledge of ... -
Radiative Effects of Elevated Pollutant Layers
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A one-dimensional transport model was developed to study the effects of radiative participation of elevated pollutant layers. Special features of the model include a turbulent kinetic energy model and a two-stream solar ... -
An Acoustic Doppler Sounder for Measuring Wind Profiles in the Lower Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A simplified acoustic Doppler wind sensor that can be built around an existing sounder is described. The instrument consists of two fan-beam transmitters and a pencil-beam receiver in an orthogonal configuration. Considerable ... -
Acoustic Detection of Momentum Transfer during the Abrupt Transition from a Laminar to a Turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Acoustic sounder measurements of a vertical profile of the abrupt transition from a laminar to a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer were compared with meteorological measurements made at 10 and 137 m on an instrumented ... -
A Technique for Estimating Atmospheric Moisture Profiles from Satellite Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)In interpreting radiation data from the Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometers aboard the NOAA satellites, the following problem arose: given a satellite retrieval of the atmospheric temperature profile and a measurement ... -
A Method for Determining Probabilities of Surface Temperature Extremes
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)An objective method for determining probabilities of surface temperature extremes is described herein. Least-squares linear regression equations have been developed to estimate temperatures that would be equaled or surpassed ... -
A Parameterization of Ground-Surface Moisture Content for Use in Atmospheric Prediction Models
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A rate equation for soil-surface moisture fraction is developed which makes use of the more customary bulk soil moisture content, as well as the soil-surface evaporation rate minus precipitation rate. The two empirical ... -
Mesoscale Flow over Complex Terrain during the Eastern Tennessee Trajectory Experiment (ETTEX)
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Time-averaged, mesoscale flow fields over complex terrain measured during the Eastern Tennessee Trajectory Experiment (ETTEX) are analyzed in terms of the horizontal means, standard deviations from the horizontal means, ... -
A Higher Order Closure Model for Canopy Flow
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The equations of motion were used to develop a one-dimensional, nonbuoyant mathematical model of air flow within vegetative canopies. The model consists of equations for mean horizontal momentum, Reynolds stress, and for ... -
Lake-Land Precipitation Relationships Using Northern Lake Michigan Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Data from a network of recording precipitation gages, operated over a 5-year period on islands in Lake Michigan, provides the basis for the first monthly analysis of the relationship of lake to land precipitation conducted ... -
Monte Carlo Significance Testing as Applied to Statistical Tropical Cyclone Prediction Models
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Use of the F test in assessing the statistical significance of a regression equation developed from meteorological data and using the concept of stepwise screening of predictors presents problems in determining degrees of ... -
The Effect of Raindrop Interactions on Observed Drop Size Distributions
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A model for raindrop interactions incorporating satellite droplet production is used to determine drop size distributions at the ground. Assuming an exponential distribution at cloud base and using known meteorological ...