Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4621-4640 of 6019
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Asymmetric Recovery from Wet versus Dry Soil Moisture Anomalies
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The energy and moisture state in the soil and new-surface atmosphere evolve due to fluxes that are themselves a function of these states. Because the soil moisture and temperature are negatively correlated (dry warm or ... -
Optical Depth Measurements of Aerosol Cloud, and Water Vapor Using Sun Photometers during FIRE Cirrus IFO II
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Optical depths in the visible to infrared spectral region were obtained from solar extinction measurements with two sun photometers during the First ISCCP Regional Experiment Phase II Cirrus Intensive Field Observation in ... -
Numerical Simulations of Observed Arctic Stratus Clouds Using a Second-Order Turbulence Closure Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A high-resolution one-dimensional version of a second-order turbulence closure radiative-convective model, developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, is used to simulate the interactions among turbulence, radiation, and ... -
Land Surface Pressure Estimate from Measurements in the Oxygen A Absorption Band
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The POLDER (polarization and directionality of the earth reflectances) instrument to be launched in 1996 carries two channels that cover the oxygen A absorption band (near IR). The authors investigate the possibility of ... -
The Response of an Open Stratospheric Balloon to the Presence of Inertio-Gravity Waves
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Analytic solutions for the vertical response of an open stratospheric balloon to the presence of inertio-gravity waves during its descent are obtained. Monochromatic waves with simultaneous variations in density, velocity, ... -
Applying Satellite Gradient Moisture Information to Local-Scale Water Vapor Analysis Using Variational Methods
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Horizontal shape matching (HSM) is a variational technique used to obtain an analysis that merges the gradient structure from one data source (e.g., satellite) with a background field. This technique is modeled after the ... -
Parameterizing the Raindrop Size Distribution
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)This paper addresses the problem of finding a parametric form for the raindrop size distribution (DSD) that 1) is an appropriate model for tropical rainfall, and 2) involves statistically independent parameters. Such a ... -
Retrieval of Vertical Profiles of Liquid Water and Ice Content in Mixed Clouds from Doppler Radar and Microwave Radiometer Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A new method to retrieve vertical profiles of liquid water content Mw(z), ice water content Mi(z), and ice particle size distribution Ni(D, z), (where D is the ice particle size and z the vertical coordinate) in mixed ... -
Mesoscale Modeling and Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation in Areas of Highly Complex Terrain
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)A multiscale four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) technique, based on Newtonian relaxation, is incorporated into a mesoscale model and evaluated using meteorological and tracer data collected during the Atmospheric ... -
The Quality Control of Long-Term Climatological Data Using Objective Data Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)One of the major concerns with detecting global climate change is the quality of the data. Climate data are extremely sensitive to errant values and outliers. Prior to analysis of these time series, it is important to ... -
An Estimation of Optimum Grid Size for Kashmir Valley by Spectral Method
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)In many of the short-range numerical weather prediction models, an accurate specification of grid size is essential in mountainous and valley regions to adequately represent terrain forcing without resorting to subgrid-scale ... -
Spatial and Elevational Variations of Summer Rainfall in the Southwestern United States
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)This study examines the spatial variability of mean monthly summer rainfall in the southwestern United States, with special attention given to the effect elevation. Rain gauge data from a consistent 60-yr period show that ... -
Estimation of Daily Area-Average Rainfall during the CaPE Experiment in Central Florida
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)The principal component of the water cycle over land areas is precipitation. Knowledge of the accuracy of areal precipitation estimates, therefore, is imperative. The manifold observations of hydrometeorological quantities ... -
Representation of Velocity Gradient Effects in a Gaussian Puff Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)The Gaussian puff model framework is extended to provide a description of velocity shear distortion effects. An efficient splitting-merging algorithm is presented so that a maximum puff size can be specified for a calculation. ... -
The Transmission of Sunlight through Cloudy Skies: An Analysis Based on Standard Meteorological Information
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)This work examines the use of standard meteorological information to describe the attenuation of sunlight associated with cloudy skies. Datasets consisting of broadband ultraviolet and total spectrally integrated solar ... -
The Interpretation of Wavelengths and Periods as Measured from Atmospheric Balloons
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)Transformations that take into account the characteristics of balloon motion and wave propagation to infer the ?real? wavelengths and frequencies from the ?apparent? ones measured during sounding are derived. To estimate ... -
An Investigation of Instantaneous Diffusion and Concentration Fluctuations
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)Instantaneous plume behavior is investigated via experimental and modeling results from a recent field campaign. The data consist of wind velocity and concentration measurements collected 700 m from a point source of sulfur ... -
Improved Coupled Z R and k R Relations and the Resulting Ambiguities in the Determination of the Vertical Distribution of Rain from the Radar Backscatter and the Integrated Attenuation
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)Several algorithms to calculate a rain-rate profile from a single-frequency air- or spaceborne radar backscatter profile and a given path-integrated attenuation have been proposed. The accuracy of any such algorithm is ... -
Intrinsic Ambiguities in the Retrieval of Rain Rates from Radar Returns at Attenuating Wavelengths
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)It is well known that there are significant deterministic ambiguities inherent in trying to determine the particular rain-rate profile that produced some given sequence of air- or spaceborne radar echo powers at a single ... -
The Application of Radar Gauge Comparisons to Operational Precipitation Profile Corrections
(American Meteorological Society, 1995)The analyses of data recorded during the past eight years with two Swiss radars, a network of rain gauges, and river flow measurements have helped to quantify the vertical profile of reflectivity and the influences of ...