Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4521-4540 of 6019
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An Automated Nowcasting Model of Road Surface Temperature and State for Winter Road Maintenance
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Winter road maintenance is an important application field of meteorology in western and northern Europe, North America, and many other parts of the world. In order to provide timely short-period high-accuracy forecasts of ... -
Insured Lightning-Caused Property Damage in Three Western States
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Insurance claims resulting from lightning damage in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming were analyzed during the period from 1987 to 1993. Most claims were from personal accounts, while some were commercial. Lightning damage in ... -
Impact of Some Simplifying Assumptions in the New ECMWF Surface Scheme
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Two simplifying assumptions adopted in the current ECMWF surface scheme are explored: a uniform skin temperature for all grid-box fractions with variable latent heat release and a fixed value of an effective heat conductivity ... -
Determination of Cloud Amount and Level from Radiosonde Soundings
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A method developed in the former Soviet Union for predicting cloud amounts is supplemented with a new method of determining the base and tops of clouds. Criteria for predicting a cloud layer are 0 ≤ T?(z) and R?(z) ≤ 0, ... -
Aerosol Optical Properties in the Iranian Region Obtained by Ground-Based Solar Radiation Measurements in the Summer Of 1991
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Solar radiation measurements were made using sun photometers and pyranometers during 31 May-7 June 1991 at several places in Iran and during 12 June-17 September 1991 at a fixed place, Bushehr, Iran. In the first period ... -
Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds Derived from Surface Interferometric Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Beam transmittance, emittance, reflectance, and outgoing radiance are inferred from interferometric measurements in the infrared window region for 14 temperate continental and 12 subtropical cirrus cloud cash observed ... -
Numerical Simulation of an Industrial Cumulus Affected by Heat, Moisture, and CCN Released from an Oil Refinery
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Large oil refineries emit heat, vapor, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), all of which can affect the formation of cloud and precipitation. This study quantities the relative contributions of the three factors on cloud ... -
An Advanced Sounder Cloud Contamination Study
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)GOES high-resolution visible imagery is used to define the spatial resolution and scan geometry required for an advanced infrared sounder to fly on future polar-orbiting satellites. The definition is based on optimizing ... -
A Climatological Study of Boundary Layer Wind Speed Using a Meso-γ-Scale Higher-Order Closure Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A mesoscale higher-order closure atmospheric boundary layer model has been used to get more detailed information than is possible from observations regarding horizontal and vertical variations of the wind in an area in ... -
A New Formulation for the Bowen Ratio over Saturated Surfaces
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Analytical expressions are presented for calculating the Bowen ratio, Bo = Hs/HL, from a quantity Bo* that is derived primarily from the surface temperature Ts and the assumption that the near-surface air is saturated (but ... -
A Technique for Assimilating SSM/I Observations of Marine Atmospheric Storms: Tests with ECMWF Analyses
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A variational analysis method to detect and correct displacement and amplification errors in short-range forecasts of a data assimilation system is developed and tested. Collectively these errors are termed distortion ... -
Meridional Migration of Tropical Convergence Zones
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Outgoing longwave radiation data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment show that the meridional migration of tropical convergence zones (TCZ) varies greatly from one region to another in the Tropics. In Africa, the ... -
Assessment of Rainfall Estimates Using a Standard Z-R Relationship and the Probability Matching Method Applied to Composite Radar Data in Central Florida
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Precipitation estimates from radar systems are a crucial component of many hydrometeorological applications, from dash flood forecasting to regional water budget studies. For analyses on large spatial scales and long ... -
Operational Monitoring of Rainfall over the Arno River Basin Using Dual-Polarized Radar and Rain Gauges
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Reflectivity (ZH) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) measurements collected by Polar 55C over the Arno River basin in Italy are presented. The applicability of dual-polarization (ZDR)-based rainfall algorithms at C band ... -
Diurnal Changes in Sea-Breeze Direction
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Simple mathematical theory suggests that the direction of the sea breeze must veer (move in an anticyclonic sense) during the day, until it is blowing parallel to the coast. Many observations of sea-breeze hodographs have ... -
Surface Temperature from ERS-1 ATSR Infrared Thermal Satellite Data in Polar Regions
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The relationship between Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) thermal radiances and snow surface temperature for the Greenland ice sheet is examined through forward calculations of the LOWTRAN 7 radiative transfer model. ... -
Mesoscale Atmospheric Circulations over the Southwestern Ross Sea Sector, Antarctica
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)In this study the mesoscale atmospheric circulation over the southwestern Ross Sea sector during winter is examined. The hydrostatic meso-?-scale atmospheric model MAR (Modè1e Atmosphérique Régional) is used. Polar night ... -
Diabatic Initialization of Stratiform Precipitation for a Mesoscale Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A technique is described that adds diabatic forcing from stratiform precipitation to a vertical normal-mode initialization of a mesoscale model. The technique uses observed precipitation amounts and cloud-top height ... -
Optimal Vector Interpolation of Wind Fields
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)In this paper a method of optimal interpolation of the vector field is suggested. It is shown that the vector estimator and its associated error are independent of the choice of the coordinate system in which to represent ... -
Sudden Cessation of Katabatic Winds in Adélie Land, Antarctica
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The evolution of summer katabatic wind events over the steep slopes of Adélie Land is examined, with emphasis on the sudden cessation of these events. Different idealized large-scale forcings are considered, including a ...