Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4101-4120 of 6019
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Estimation of Temperature and Humidity Profile Information from Microwave Radiances over Different Surface Types
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Existing use of passive microwave radiances to improve temperature and humidity analyses in the troposphere has been largely restricted to ocean applications. Recent studies have shown that useful information can be extracted ... -
Radar–Rain Gauge Comparisons under Observational Uncertainties
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A simple, analytically tractable model of the radar?rain gauge rainfall observational process, including measurement errors, is presented. The model is applied to study properties of different reflectivity?rainfall (Z?R) ... -
The Estimation of Snowfall Rate Using Visibility
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The relationship between liquid equivalent snowfall rate and visibility is investigated using data collected at the National Center for Atmospheric Research Marshall Snowfall Test Site during two winter field seasons and ... -
Statistical Adjustment of Satellite Microwave Monthly Rainfall Estimates over Amazonia
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A technique is described for quantifying nonlinear adjustment to the half-degree monthly rainfall estimates over land, derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) observations. The technique uses a function ... -
Characteristics of Lightning and Wildland Fire Ignition in the Pacific Northwest
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Lightning is the primary cause of fire in the forested regions of the Pacific Northwest, especially when it occurs without significant precipitation at the surface. Using thunderstorm occurrence and precipitation observations ... -
Relationship between the Scavenging Coefficient for Pollutants in Precipitation and the Radar Reflectivity Factor. Part II: Applications
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The power-law dependences between the scavenging coefficient ? for pollutants in precipitation and the radar reflectivity factor Z, theoretically derived in Part I, are discussed here from the point of view of applications. ... -
Summer Wind Flow Regimes over the Sacramento Valley
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)This study utilized conditional sampling to identify three frequent wind regimes in the lower Sacramento Valley. The major flow features of the mean diurnal wind patterns in the southern Sacramento Valley and surrounding ... -
Associations between Grain Crop Yields in Central-Eastern Argentina and El Niño–Southern Oscillation
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Associations are investigated between yields of major crops in the Argentine Pampas (central-eastern Argentina) and El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase. For maize and sorghum, higher (lower) yield anomalies occur ... -
Relationship between the Scavenging Coefficient for Pollutants in Precipitation and the Radar Reflectivity Factor. Part I: Derivation
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The relation between the scavenging coefficient ? (s?1) for air pollutants in precipitation and the radar reflectivity factor Z (mm6 m?3) is based on the fact that they are both functions of the hydrometeor size distribution. ... -
Interrelationships among Snow Distribution, Snowmelt, and Snow Cover Depletion: Implications for Atmospheric, Hydrologic, and Ecologic Modeling
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Local, regional, and global atmospheric, hydrologic, and ecologic models used to simulate weather, climate, land surface moisture, and vegetation processes all commonly represent their computational domains by a collection ... -
An Analysis of Simultaneous Online GC Measurements of BTEX Aromatics at Three Selected Sites in the Greater Munich Area
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)During two field campaigns in 1993 and 1994, measurements of aromatic compounds [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-/o-xylenes (BTEX)] were carried out at urban and rural sites in the greater Munich area. These field ... -
An Examination of Local versus Nonlocal Aspects of a TKE-Based Boundary Layer Scheme in Clear Convective Conditions
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)In this study, the ability of a turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)?based boundary layer scheme to reproduce the rapid evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) observed during two clear convective days is examined together ... -
Analysis of Small-Scale Convective Dynamics in a Crown Fire Using Infrared Video Camera Imagery
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A good physical understanding of the initiation, propagation, and spread of crown fires remains an elusive goal for fire researchers. Although some data exist that describe the fire spread rate and some qualitative aspects ... -
The Relative Dispersion of Particle Pairs in Stationary Homogeneous Turbulence
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The relative dispersion of particle pairs in stationary homogeneous turbulence is investigated in numerical simulations using one-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic models, satisfying the well-mixed ... -
Accuracy of 404-MHz Radar Profilers for Detection of Low-Level Jets over the Central United States
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The authors have evaluated the performance of operational hourly data from a NOAA Wind Profiler Network 404-MHz radar profiler for detecting low-level jet (LLJ) events in the central United States. Independent, collocated ... -
Computing Surface Fluxes from Mesonet Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)By using air?vegetation?soil layer coupled model equations as weak constraints, a variational method is developed to compute sensible and latent heat fluxes from conventional observations obtained at meteorological surface ... -
Estimating Fluxes on Continental Scales Using Remotely Sensed Data in an Atmospheric–Land Exchange Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A simple model of energy exchange between the land surface and the atmospheric boundary layer, driven by input that can be derived primarily through remote sensing, is described and applied over continental scales at a ... -
Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratios in the Top Layers of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems and in Isolated Cirrus from LITE Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Cloud-integrated attenuated backscatter from observations with the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE) was studied over a range of cirrus clouds capping some extensive mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the ... -
Evaporation from Nonvegetated Surfaces: Surface Aridity Methods and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The use of remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture for the estimation of evaporation is investigated. Two widely used parameterizations of evaporation, the so-called α and ? methods, which use near-surface soil moisture ... -
Horizontal Grid Size Selection and its Influence on Mesoscale Model Simulations
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The use of two-dimensional spectral analysis applied to terrain heights in order to determine characteristic terrain spatial scales and its subsequent use for the objective definition of an adequate grid size required to ...