Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3981-4000 of 6019
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Derivation of Turbulent Flux Profiles and Roughness Lengths from Katabatic Flow Dynamics
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)The dynamics of katabatic flows have been used to determine the vertical momentum flux profiles and surface roughness lengths under stable conditions on glacier surfaces. By assuming a momentum budget balance between ... -
Tests of the Generalized Pareto Distribution for Predicting Extreme Wind Speeds
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Extreme wind speed predictions are often based on statistical analysis of site measurements of annual maxima, using one of the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions. An alternative method applies one of the Generalized ... -
Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to the North Pacific Climatological Rainfall as Observed from Satellites
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Tropical cyclone monthly rainfall amounts are estimated from passive microwave satellite observations for an 11-yr period. These satellite-derived rainfall amounts are used to assess the impact of tropical cyclone rainfall ... -
A Study of the Solar Radiation Effect on the 4.3-μm Channels of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Measurements of infrared radiation from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration series of satellites are used to retrieve atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone. It is well known that the measurements ... -
Evaluation of Two Gustiness Models for Exposure Correction Calculations
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Gustiness models from Wieringa and Beljaars are evaluated. The models are used to relate the gustiness from wind speed records to the local roughness length. The roughness length is used to apply exposure corrections to ... -
Retrieving the Clear-Sky Vertical Longwave Radiative Budget from TOVS: Comparison of a Neural Network–Based Retrieval and a Method UsingGeophysical Parameters
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)At a time when a new generation of satellite vertical sounders is going to be launched (including the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer and Advanced Infrared Radiometric Sounder instruments), this paper assesses ... -
Sensitivity Analysis of Polarimetric Variables at a 5-cm Wavelength in Rain
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Sensitivity of 5-cm-wavelength polarimetric radar measurements to raindrop size and distribution is investigated. At this wavelength, resonance occurs for sizes larger than about 5 mm, and therefore several polarimetric ... -
A Laboratory Model of Urban Street-Canyon Flows
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)A circulating water channel is constructed to examine urban street-canyon flow. In the cases of an even-notch street canyon in which model buildings on both sides of the street have equal heights, one vortex is observed ... -
The Influence of the Inclusion of Soil Freezing on Simulations by a Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)The interactions between the soil, biosphere, and atmosphere (ISBA) land surface parameterization scheme has been modified to include soil ice. The liquid water equivalent volumetric ice content is modeled using two ... -
Creating a Serially Complete, National Daily Time Series of Temperature and Precipitation for the Western United States
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)The development of serially complete (no missing values) daily maximum?minimum temperatures and total precipitation time series over the western United States is documented. Several estimation techniques based on spatial ... -
Relations between Surface Temperature and Air Temperature on a Local Scale during Winter Nights
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)The relations between surface temperature and air temperature on clear winter nights were investigated with regard to spatial scale and the vegetation effect at a local meteorological scale. The study was based on nighttime ... -
A Satellite-Based Climatic Description of Jet Aircraft Contrails and Associations with Atmospheric Conditions, 1977–79
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)The possible contribution of jet aircraft condensation trails (contrails) to recent observed increases in high cloudiness constitutes a potentially important human effect on climate that has received relatively little ... -
Seeding Convective Clouds with Hygroscopic Flares: Numerical Simulations Using a Cloud Model with Detailed Microphysics
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of hygroscopic flare seeding on enhancement of precipitation in convective clouds. The spectra of seeding particles were based on measurements of the particles ... -
Radiance and Cloud Analyses from GOES-VAS Dwell Soundings
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)An analysis technique for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-VISSR (Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer) Atmospheric Sounder (GOES-VAS) sounder data was developed to extract cloud and clear radiance ... -
Vertical Structure and Transient Behavior of Convective–Stratiform Heating in TOGA COARE from Combined Satellite–Sounding Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Datasets of daily high-resolution upper-air soundings and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave measurements from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean?Atmosphere Response Experiment ... -
Seasonal Maize Forecasting for South Africa and Zimbabwe Derived from an Agroclimatological Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Seasonal maize water-stress forecasts were derived for area averages of the primary maize-growing regions of South Africa and Zimbabwe. An agroclimatological model was used to create a historical record of maize water ... -
Using All Observed Information in a Variational Approach to Measuring z0m and z0t
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)A variational method is developed to estimate the aerodynamic roughness length and roughness scaling length for temperature based on wind and temperature measurements conducted routinely at an observational network. The ... -
Effective Dry Deposition Velocities for Gases and Particles over Heterogeneous Terrain
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)Dry deposition velocities of gases and particles are highly dependent on surface type. In a numerical model, each grid cell may contain multiple surface types, each with a different deposition velocity. Therefore, some ... -
Thermally Driven Gap Winds into the Mexico City Basin
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)A southeasterly flow in the form of a low-level jet that enters the Mexico City basin through a mountain gap in the southeast corner of the basin developed consistently in the afternoons or early evenings during a four-week ... -
Bulk Hydrometeor Classification and Quantification Using Polarimetric Radar Data: Synthesis of Relations
(American Meteorological Society, 2000)A new synthesis of information forming the foundation for rule-based systems to deduce dominant bulk hydrometeor types and amounts using polarimetric radar data is presented. The information is valid for a 10-cm wavelength ...