Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2741-2760 of 6019
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Thermal Effects of Urban Canyon Structure on the Nocturnal Heat Island: Numerical Experiment Using a Mesoscale Model Coupled with an Urban Canopy Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A single-layer urban canopy model is incorporated into a simple two-dimensional atmospheric model in order to examine the individual impacts of anthropogenic heating, a large heat capacity, and a small sky-view factor on ... -
Classification and Characterization of Tropical Precipitation Based on High-Resolution Airborne Vertical Incidence Radar. Part I: Classification
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Airborne measurements of vertical incidence radar reflectivity and radial velocity are analyzed for some 21?231 km of high-altitude flight tracks over tropical precipitation systems, in order to describe their characteristic ... -
Classification and Characterization of Tropical Precipitation Based on High-Resolution Airborne Vertical Incidence Radar. Part II: Composite Vertical Structure of Hurricanes versus Storms over Florida and the Amazon
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)High-resolution airborne measurements of vertical incidence radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity, as well as coincident upwelling 85-GHz radiances, are analyzed for several Atlantic Ocean hurricanes and for numerous ... -
Evaluating Formulations of Stable Boundary Layer Height
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Stable boundary layer height h is determined from eddy correlation measurements of the vertical profiles of the buoyancy flux and turbulence energy from a tower over grassland in autumn, a tower over rangeland with variable ... -
Improved Quality Assurance for Historical Hourly Temperature and Humidity: Development and Application to Environmental Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Historical hourly surface synoptic (airways) meteorological reports from around the United States have been digitized as part of the NOAA Climate Database Modernization Program. An important component is improvement of ... -
A Revised Force–Restore Model for Land Surface Modeling
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)To clarify the definition of the equation for the temperature toward which the soil skin temperature is restored, the prediction equations in the commonly used force?restore model for soil temperature are rederived from ... -
Modeling Water and Heat Balance of the Boreal Landscape—Comparison of Forest and Arable Land in Scandinavia
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The water and heat balances of an arable field and a forest in the boreal zone in Scandinavia were explored using 3 yr of observations and simulations with two different soil?vegetation?atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models ... -
Implementation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in a Mesoscale Meteorological Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)An urban canopy parameterization (UCP) is implemented into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University?National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) to improve meteorological fields in the urban ... -
Aerosol Characterization and Direct Radiative Forcing Assessment over the Ocean. Part II: Application to Test Cases and Validation
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A method based on the synergistic use of low earth orbit and geostationary earth orbit satellite data for aerosol-type characterization and aerosol optical thickness (AOT: τa) retrieval and monitoring over the ocean is ... -
Numerical Estimations of Horizontal Advection inside Canopies
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Local advection of scalar quantities such as heat, moisture, or carbon dioxide occurs not only above inhomogeneous surfaces but also within roughness elements on these surfaces. A two-dimensional advection?diffusion equation ... -
An Improved Time Interpolation for Three-Dimensional Doppler Wind Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A temporal interpolation is required for three-dimensional Doppler wind analysis when the precise measurement time is counted for each radar beam position. The time interpolation is traditionally done by a linear scheme ... -
Wind Shear for Small Thickness Layers
(American Meteorological Society, 1966)Wind shear in the lowest 10,000 it of the atmosphere was investigated utilizing two or more cinetheodolites (Contraves cameras) tracking a smooth spherical 100-gm balloon. These data indicate that a simple power law ... -
TRMM Common Microphysics Products: A Tool for Evaluating Spaceborne Precipitation Retrieval Algorithms
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A customized product for analysis of microphysics data collected from aircraft during field campaigns in support of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) program is described. These ?common microphysics products? ... -
Seasonal and Diurnal Fluxes of Radiation, Heat, Water Vapor, and Carbon Dioxide over a Suburban Area
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Based on 1 yr of field measurements, the diurnal, seasonal, and annual fluxes of energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) at a residential area of Tokyo, Japan, are described. The major findings are as follows. 1) The storage heat ... -
Diurnal Evolution of Three-Dimensional Wind and Temperature Structure in California's Central Valley
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The diurnal evolution of the three-dimensional summer-season mean wind and temperature structure in California's Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys (collectively called the Central Valley) is investigated using data from ... -
Freezing-Level Estimation with Polarimetric Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A simple empirical procedure for determining freezing levels with polarimetric radar measurements is described. The algorithm takes advantage of the strong melting-layer signatures and the redundancy provided by the suite ... -
Aerosol Characterization and Direct Radiative Forcing Assessment over the Ocean. Part I: Methodology and Sensitivity Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A method based on the synergistic use of low earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite data for aerosol-type characterization, as well as aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieval and monitoring over ... -
The Effect of Model Resolution in Predicting Meteorological Parameters Used in Fire Danger Rating
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Previous studies of model performance at varying resolutions have focused on winter storms or isolated convective events. Little attention has been given to the static high pressure situations that may lead to severe ... -
Wave Clouds in the Marine Layer Upwind of Pt. Sal, California
(American Meteorological Society, 1966)An Instrumented light plane was flow through three wave clouds formed at the upper boundary of the marine layer just upwind of a headland, Pt. Sal, along the California coast. Temperatures and vertical velocities were ... -
Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow and Pollutant Transport in Street Canyons of Different Building-Height-to-Street-Width Ratios
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)This study employs a large-eddy simulation technique to investigate the flow, turbulence structure, and pollutant transport in street canyons of building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 at a ...