Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2701-2720 of 6019
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A 7-Yr Climatological Study of Land Breezes over the Florida Spaceport
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Seven years of wind and temperature data from a high-resolution network of 44 towers at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station were used to develop an objective method for identifying land breezes, ... -
Temporal Structure of the Solar Radiation Field in Cloudy Conditions: Are Retrievals of Hourly Averages from Space Possible?
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The authors examine the temporal variability of measured 415- and 611.7-nm spectral solar irradiance in cloudy stratocumulus conditions. This is accomplished by normalizing measured data by the equivalent irradiance for ... -
Evaluation of GPS Precipitable Water over Canada and the IGS Network
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Precipitable water (PW) derived from the GPS zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) is evaluated (as a first step toward variational data assimilation) through comparison with that of collocated radiosondes (RS_PW), operational ... -
An Examination of Tropical and Extratropical Gust Factors and the Associated Wind Speed Histograms
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)A gust factor, defined as the ratio between a peak wind gust and mean wind speed over a period of time, can be used along with other statistics to examine the structure of the wind. Gust factors are heavily dependent on ... -
Differences of Rainfall Estimates over Land by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)—Dependence on Storm Height
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)It is well known that precipitation rate estimation is poor over land. Using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), the performance of the TMI rain estimation ... -
Lidar and Triple-Wavelength Doppler Radar Measurements of the Melting Layer: A Revised Model for Dark- and Brightband Phenomena
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)During the recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL) Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) field campaign in southern Florida, rain showers were probed by a 0.523-?m lidar and three (0.32-, ... -
Wavelet Analysis of Variability, Teleconnectivity, and Predictability of the September–November East African Rainfall
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)By applying wavelet analysis and wavelet principal component analysis (WPCA) to individual wavelet-scale power and scale-averaged wavelet power, homogeneous zones of rainfall variability and predictability were objectively ... -
Evaluation of Cirrus Cloud Properties Derived from MODIS Data Using Cloud Properties Derived from Ground-Based Observations Collected at the ARM SGP Site
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite has been collecting global data since March 2000 and the one on the Aqua satellite since June 2002. In this paper, cirrus cloud ... -
Development of a Time Series–Based Methodology for Estimation of Large-Area Soil Wetness over India Using IRS-P4 Microwave Radiometer Data
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Soil moisture is a very important boundary parameter in numerical weather prediction at different spatial and temporal scales. Satellite-based microwave radiometric observations are considered to be the best because of ... -
A Convective Index as an Indicator of Cumulonimbus Development
(American Meteorological Society, 1966)Empirical methods are used to determine a modification to Jefferson's index of instability which has a good correlation with the incidence and development of cumulonimbus clouds over Edmonton, Alberta. This results in a ... -
An Empirical Model for Predicting the Decay of Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed after Landfall over the Indian Region
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)An empirical model for predicting the maximum surface wind speed associated with a tropical cyclone after crossing the east coast of India is described. The model parameters are determined from the database of 19 recent ... -
The Melting Layer: A Laboratory Investigation of Ice Particle Melt and Evaporation near 0°C
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Melting, freezing, and evaporation of individual and aggregates of snow crystals are simulated in the laboratory under controlled temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. Crystals of selected habit are grown on a ... -
Simultaneous Observations of Cirrus Clouds with a Millimeter-Wave Radar and the MU Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Observations of frontal cirrus clouds were conducted with the scanning millimeter-wave radar at the Shigaraki Middle and Upper Atmosphere (MU) Radar Observatory in Shiga, Japan, during 30 September?13 October 2000. The ... -
NWCSAF AVHRR Cloud Detection and Analysis Using Dynamic Thresholds and Radiative Transfer Modeling. Part II: Tuning and Validation
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Algorithms for cloud detection (cloud mask) and classification (cloud type) at high and midlatitudes using data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the current NOAA satellites and future polar ... -
AMSU-B Observations of Mixed-Phase Clouds over Land
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Measurements from passive microwave satellite instruments such as the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSU-B) are sensitive to both liquid and ice cloud particles. Radiative transfer modeling is exploited to simulate ... -
Regional Differences in Overland Rainfall Estimation from PR-Calibrated TMI Algorithm
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite carries a combination of active [precipitation radar (PR)] and multichannel passive microwave [the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)] sensors, which advance our ability ... -
NWCSAF AVHRR Cloud Detection and Analysis Using Dynamic Thresholds and Radiative Transfer Modeling. Part I: Algorithm Description
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)New methods and software for cloud detection and classification at high and midlatitudes using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are developed for use in a wide range of meteorological, climatological, ... -
Application of Slice Theory to Account for the Horizontal Extent of Convective Precipitation Radar Echoes
(American Meteorological Society, 1966)Classical slice theory modified to take account of mixing and entrainment is used to explain the areal extent of 10-cm convective radar echoes in nonconvergent, barotropic situations in the subtropics. Relative humidity ... -
Cloud Sky Cover versus Cloud Fraction: Whole-Sky Simulations and Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The relationship between hemispherical sky cover and nadir-view cloud fraction is examined by using both model simulations and surface observations. Monte Carlo simulations of ground-based hemispherical measurements are ... -
An Algorithm for the Retrieval of Droplet Number Concentration and Geometrical Thickness of Stratiform Marine Boundary Layer Clouds Applied to MODIS Radiometric Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Algorithms are now currently used for the retrieval of cloud optical thickness and droplet effective radius from multispectral radiance measurements. This paper extends their application to the retrieval of cloud droplet ...