Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions

Now showing items 2041-2060 of 6019

    • Deep Soil Temperature Trends and Urban Effects at Paris 

      Dettwiller, Jacques (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
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    • High Altitude Air Sampling with a Rocketborne Cryocondenser 

      Martell, E. A. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      A rocketborne cryogenic sampler, capable of collecting large, unmodified and uncontaminated high altitude air samples, has been successfully developed, tested and flown. The sampler employs a simple normal shock diffuser ...

    • Layered Cloud Analyses Derived from Satellite and Conventional Data 

      Cooley, Duane S.; Ball, John T.; Pavlowitz, Abraham M. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      A method is developed for the semi-objective analysis of layered cloud amounts and of heights of cloud bases and tops. The analyses are based on satellite television and infrared data, surface synoptic observations and ...

    • Ambient Temperature Measurements from Constant-Level Balloons 

      Fourrier, Joëlle; Morel, Pierre; Sitbon, Paul (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      Ambient temperature measurements with usual thermistors from constant-level balloons were found to give erratic, quite erroneous data. The cause of error is found to be the differential heating of the thermistor support ...

    • On Meteorological Navigation 

      Braddock, R. D. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      The minimal time routing of vessels over the oceans leads to a variational problem with fixed end points, in which the velocity field is anisotropic and changes in time. The grid refinement technique, an iterative optimal ...

    • Nonlinear Utility and the Probability Score 

      Winkler, Robert L.; Murphy, Allan H. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      Proper scoring rules, such as the probability score, are based (in part) upon the assumption that the assessor's utility function is linearly related to the score. The effects of two nonlinear utility functions, one ...

    • The Abbot Pyranometer as a Reference Standard for Calibration of Pyranometers 

      Marsh, Verne (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      An evaluation is made of the Abbot pyranometer as a reference standard. Operating accessories for manual operation are described as is a completely automatic operating system. Performance tests of time constant, cosine ...

    • Characteristics of Hailstorms of Western South Dakota 

      Dennis, A. S.; Schock, Carol A.; Koscielski, Alexander (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      An extensive observational program has resulted in a description of the typical hailstorm of western South Dakota. The typical storm is cellular with new cells developing on its southwest side. The median hailstorm produces ...

    • The Relationship Between Imprint Size and Drop Diameter for an Airborne Drop Sampler 

      Schecter, R. M.; Russ, R. G. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      Data are presented on the relationship between drop size and imprint diameter produced by the impact of water drops with aluminum foil in an aircraft precipitation sampler at speeds of 140 and 230 kt. Examination of the ...

    • An Airborne Pyrotechnic Cloud Seeding System and Its Use 

      Simpson, Joanne; Woodley, William L.; Friedman, Howard A.; Slusher, Thomas W.; Scheffee, R. S.; Steele, Roger L. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      The development, testing and use of an airborne pyrotechnic cloud seeding system is described. Pyrotechnic flares producing 50 gm of silver iodide smoke each were developed by two industrial corporations and laboratory ...

    • High-Speed Photography of Airborne Atmospheric Particles 

      Cannon, Theodore W. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      Atmospheric particles ?10? in diameter have been successfully photographed in situ using cameras with microsecond-duration flash lamps. Several such cameras developed and used in the past are discussed in this article. A ...

    • The Optical Array: An Alternative to Scattering or Extinction for Airborne Particle Size Determination 

      Knollenberg, Robert G. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      An electro-optical technique is described for the measurement of the size distributions of cloud and precipitation particles. The technique utilizes a linear array of photodetectors as a size measuring grid in a typical ...

    • Measuring Pesticide Drift at Distances to Four Miles 

      Murray, James A.; Vaughan, Leland M. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      Drift resulting from pesticide spray operations is an environmental contaminant and potential hazard. In order to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between a source and the extent of its contamination, it is necessary ...

    • On the Variation of Maximum Wind Gusts with Height 

      Brook, R. R.; Spillane, K. T. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      The effects of time-averaging and length of record on the variance of horizontal wind speed are considered through power spectral techniques. These effects are applied to a height profile of intensity of turbulence (ratio ...

    • Vertical Wind Component Estimates up to 1.2 km above Ground 

      Rider, Laurence J.; Armendariz, Manuel (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      Vertical wind components were computed up to 1.2 km from 37 wintertime and 10 summertime balloon observations between 0900 and 1200 local time utilizing the accurate and high-resolution cinetheodolite/Jimsphere system. The ...

    • Longitudinal and Lateral Spectra of Turbulence in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer at the Kennedy Space Center 

      Fichtl, George H.; McVehil, George E. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      An engineering spectral model of turbulence is developed with horizontal wind observations obtained at the NASA 150-m meteorological tower at Cape Kennedy, Fla. Spectra, measured at six levels, are collapsed at each level ...

    • Eddy Correlation Measurements of Sensible Heat Flux near the Earth's Surface 

      Wesely, M. L.; Thurtell, G. W.; Tanner, C. B. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      A three-dimensional pressure-sphere anemometer and fast thermometer system (P.S.A.T.) was used to measure vertical heat flux density in the atmospheric surface layer at 1?4 m above alta fescue and snap beans. Good agreement ...

    • Sampling Errors in Measurement of Mean Precipitation 

      Huff, F. A. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      Data from two dense networks of raingages in Illinois were used to obtain estimates of sampling errors in the measurement of areal mean precipitation on areas of 50?550 mi2 with investigations being made of storm, monthly, ...

    • Persistence in Snowfall Intensities Measured at the Ground 

      Dyer, Rosemary M. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      During the winters of 1961?62 and 1963?64, measurements of light scattering by falling snow provided a continuous record of snowfall rates on the campus of McGill University in Montreal. This permitted an analysis of the ...

    • Prediction of Abnormally Heavy Precipitation over the Equatorial Pacific Dry Zone 

      Quinn, Willlam H.; Burt, Wayne V. (American Meteorological Society, 1970)
      A simple objective method for using the barometric pressure changes associated with the Southern Oscillation to predict abnormally heavy rainfall over the Pacific equatorial dry zone was applied to 79 years of Darwin ...