Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: Recent submissions

Now showing items 3821-3840 of 5116

    • Early Swedish Contribution to Oceanography: Nils Gissler (1715–71) and the Inverted Barometer Effect 

      Roden, Gunnar I.; Rossby, H. Thomas (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      Nils Gissler (1715?71) was a remarkable Swedish scientist and physician who appears to be the first to describe the inverted barometer effect, based on joint observations of sea level and atmospheric pressure at Härnösand, ...

    • The Classification of Climates from Pythagoras to Koeppen 

      Sanderson, Marie (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      In this paper attempts are made to trace the ways in which climates were shown on maps of the world beginning with the Greek philosopher Pythagoras and ending with Koeppen. Much of the information was obtained by examining ...

    • Choice of South Asian Summer Monsoon Indices 

      Wang, Bin; Fan, Zhen (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      In the south Asian region, two of the major precipitation maxima associated with areas of intensive convective activity are located near the Bay of Bengal and in the vicinity of the Philippines. The variations of monthly ...

    • Mesoscale Forecasting during a Field Program: Meteorological Support of the Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment 

      Renfrew, Ian A.; Moore, G. W. K.; Holt, Teddy R.; Chang, Simon W.; Guest, Peter (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      This report discusses the design and implementation of a specialized forecasting system that was set up to support the observational component of the Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment. This ongoing experiment is a ...

    • A Strategy for Long-Term Ocean Observations 

      Nowlin, Worth D. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      No abstract available.

    • Impact on Hurricane Track and Intensity Forecasts of GPS Dropwindsonde Observations from the First-Season Flights of the NOAA Gulfstream-IV Jet Aircraft 

      Aberson, Sim D.; Franklin, James L. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      In 1997, the Tropical Prediction Center (TPC) began operational Gulfstream-IV jet aircraft missions to improve the numerical guidance for hurricanes threatening the continental United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin ...

    • Monitoring the 1996 Drought Using the Standardized Precipitation Index 

      Hayes, Michael J.; Svoboda, Mark D.; Wilhite, Donald A.; Vanyarkho, Olga V. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      Droughts are difficult to detect and monitor. Drought indices, most commonly the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), have been used with limited success as operational drought monitoring tools and triggers for policy ...

    • Climate Science: An Empirical Example of Postnormal Science 

      Bray, Dennis; von Storch, Hans (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      This paper addresses the views regarding the certainty and uncertainty of climate science knowledge held by contemporary climate scientists. More precisely, it addresses the extension of this knowledge into the social and ...

    • The NCAR GPS Dropwindsonde 

      Hock, Terrence F.; Franklin, James L. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), in a joint effort with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the German Aerospace Research Establishment, has developed a dropwindsonde based ...

    • The Man computer Interactive Data Access System: 25 Years of Interactive Processing 

      Lazzara, Matthew A.; Benson, John M.; Fox, Robert J.; Laitsch, Denise J.; Rueden, Joseph P.; Santek, David A.; Wade, Delores M.; Whittaker, Thomas M.; Young, J. T. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      On 12 October 1998, it was the 25th anniversary of the Man computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS). On that date in 1973, McIDAS was first used operationally by scientists as a tool for data analysis. Over the ...

    • Cloud Microphysics Retrieval Using S-band Dual-Polarization Radar Measurements 

      Vivekanandan, J.; Ellis, S. M.; Oye, R.; Zrnic, D. S.; Ryzhkov, A. V.; Straka, J. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      Recent studies have shown the utility of polarimetric radar observables and derived fields for discrimination of hydrometeor particle types. Because the values of the radar observables that delineate different particle ...

    • Polarimetry for Weather Surveillance Radars 

      Zrnic, Dusan S.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      This paper is an overview of weather radar polarimetry emphasizing surveillance applications. The following potential benefits to operations are identified: improvement of quantitative precipitation measurements, discrimination ...

    • The Interpretation of Short Climate Records, with Comments on the North Atlantic and Southern Oscillations 

      Wunsch, Carl (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      This pedagogical note reminds the reader that the interpretation of climate records is dependent upon understanding the behavior of stochastic processes. In particular, before concluding that one is seeing evidence for ...

    • Ground-Based Remote Sensor Observations during PROBE in the Tropical Western Pacific 

      Westwater, E. R.; Han, Y.; Snider, J. B.; Churnside, J. H.; Shaw, J. A.; Falls, M. J.; Long, C. N.; Ackerman, T. P.; Gage, K. S.; Ecklund, W.; Riddle, A. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      From 6 January to 28 February 1993, the second phase of the Pilot Radiation Observation Experiment (PROBE) was conducted in Kavieng, Papua New Guinea. Routine data taken during PROBE included radiosondes released every 6 ...

    • An Overview of the Results of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP I) 

      Gates, W. Lawrence; Boyle, James S.; Covey, Curt; Dease, Clyde G.; Doutriaux, Charles M.; Drach, Robert S.; Fiorino, Michael; Gleckler, Peter J.; Hnilo, Justin J.; Marlais, Susan M.; Phillips, Thomas J.; Potter, Gerald L.; Santer, Benjamin D.; Sperber, Kenneth R.; Taylor, Karl E.; Williams, Dean N. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP), initiated in 1989 under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme, undertook the systematic validation, diagnosis, and intercomparison of the performance of ...

    • The Process and Methods Used to Evaluate Prototype Operational Hydrometeorological Workstations 

      Lusk, Cynthia; Kucera, Patrice; Roberts, William; Johnson, Lynn (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      In support of the National Weather Service (NWS) modernization, the Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) has been developing prototype hydrometeorological workstations for many years. The FSL Evaluation Team (E-Team) has ...

    • Mesoscale and Radar Observations of the Fort Collins Flash Flood of 28 July 1997 

      Petersen, Walter A.; Carey, Lawrence D.; Rutledge, Steven A.; Knievel, Jason C.; Johnson, Richard H.; Doesken, Nolan J.; McKee, Thomas B.; Vonder Haar, Thomas; Weaver, John F. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      On the evening of 28 July 1997 the city of Fort Collins, Colorado, experienced a devastating flash flood that caused five fatalities and over 200 million dollars in damage. Maximum accumulations of rainfall in the western ...

    • Predictive Skill of Statistical and Dynamical Climate Models in SST Forecasts during the 1997—98 El Niño Episode and the 1998 La Niña Onset 

      Barnston, Anthony G.; He, Yuxiang; Glantz, Michael H. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      Critical reviews of forecasts of ENSO conditions, based on a set of 15 dynamical and statistical models, are given for the 1997?98 El Niño event and the initial stages of the 1998?99 La Niña. While many of the models ...

    • Typhoons Affecting Taiwan: Current Understanding and Future Challenges 

      Wu, Chun-Chieh; Kuo, Ying-Hwa (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      Of all the natural disasters occurring in Taiwan, tropical cyclones are the most serious. Over a 20-yr period, Taiwan was hit by an average of 3.7 typhoons per year. These storms can produce heavy rainfall and strong winds, ...

    • Shipborne Dual-Doppler Operations during TOGA COARE: Integrated Observations of Storm Kinematics and Electrification 

      Petersen, Walter A.; Rutledge, Steven A.; Cifelli, Robert C.; Ferrier, Brad S.; Smull, Bradley F. (American Meteorological Society, 1999)
      Shipborne Doppler radar operations were conducted over the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and NOAA TOGA C-band Doppler radars. Occasionally the ships carrying ...