Earth Interactions: Recent submissions
Now showing items 381-400 of 424
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RHESSys: Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System—An Object-Oriented Approach to Spatially Distributed Modeling of Carbon, Water, and Nutrient Cycling
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Process-based models that can represent multiple and interacting processes provide a framework for combining field-based measurements with evolving science-based models of specific hydroecological processes. Use of these ... -
Land Use—Iron Pollution in Mangrove Habitat of Karachi, Indus Delta
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The coastal area of Karachi, Pakistan, which lies at the northwestern part of the Indus delta, is heavily polluted particularly in the mangrove habitat. The present study traces the pathway of trace metal iron from the ... -
Land-Cover Change Analyses in the Volta Basin of Ghana
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for 1984, 1992, and 1999 were used to map and detect land-cover changes in a 5400-km2 area within the Volta Lake basin of Ghana. The most dominant land-cover change was the ... -
Impacts of Climate Variation and Catchment Area on Water Balance and Lake Hydrologic Type in Groundwater-Dominated Systems: A Generic Lake Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Lakes are a major geologic feature in humid regions, and multiple lake hydrologic types exist with varying physical and chemical characteristics, connections among lakes, and relationships to the landscape. The authors ... -
Including Croplands in a Global Biosphere Model: Methodology and Evaluation at Specific Sites
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)There is a strong international demand for quantitative estimates of both carbon sources/sinks, and water availability at the land surface at various spatial scales (regional to global). These estimates can be derived (and ... -
Croplands in West Africa: A Geographically Explicit Dataset for Use in Models
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)West Africa has experienced increases in cultivated lands over the last 50 yr, as well as increasing rates of deforestation. Croplands have expanded to meet the food demands of a rapidly increasing population. Nevertheless, ... -
Validation and Use of a Semidistributed Hydrological Modeling System to Predict Short-Term Effects of Clear-Cutting on a Watershed Hydrological Regime
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The Gestion Intégrée des Bassins versants à l'aide d'un Système Informatisé (GIBSI), a semidistributed hydrological modeling system, was evaluated for its ability to simulate the impact of deforestation on the hydrological ... -
Understanding Controls on Historical River Discharge in the World’s Largest Drainage Basins
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Long-term (20 yr) river discharge records from 30 of the world?s largest river basins have been used to characterize surface hydrologic flows in relation to net precipitation inputs, ocean climate teleconnections, and human ... -
The Impact of Historical Land-Use Changes on the Near-Surface Atmospheric Conditions on the Swiss Plateau
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The effects of historical land-use changes on the Swiss Plateau on the near-surface atmospheric conditions of typical summer days in July were investigated in a case study. A mesoscale dynamical nonhydrostatic model with ... -
Simulation Errors Associated with the Neglect of Oceanic Salinity in an Atmospheric GCM
(American Meteorological Society, 1997)In all the atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA), the influence of oceanic salinity on the saturation vapor pressure of seawater is ignored. Since the relative humidity ... -
The Effect of Including Biospheric Responses to CO2 on the Impact of Land-Cover Change over Australia
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and the resulting change in temperature affect vegetation physiologically and structurally. These physiological and structural changes are biospheric feedbacks that may ... -
Scale-Dependent Relationships between Land-Use Change and Its Determinants in the Volta Basin of Ghana
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Relationships between cropland change and presumed determinants were analyzed at scales ranging from 30 to 5100 m using logistic regression. The plot of the odds ratio across the spatial scales indicated that both biophysical ... -
Optimizing Patterns of Land Use to Reduce Peak Runoff Flow and Nonpoint Source Pollution with an Integrated Hydrological and Land-Use Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The goal of this study is to develop and apply a methodology for delineating optimal land-use patterns that minimize peak runoff flow at watershed outlets by coupling a hydrological model and a land-use model. Under the ... -
Mapping Surface Broadband Emissivity of the Sahara Desert Using ASTER and MODIS Data
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Surface broadband emissivity in the thermal infrared region is an important parameter for the studies of the surface energy balance. This paper focuses on estimating a broadband window emissivity from the Advanced Spaceborne ... -
Mapping Land-Use Change and Monitoring the Impacts of Hardwood-to-Pine Conversion on the Southern Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Over the past two decades, forests in the southeastern United States have undergone dramatic changes as the result of urban sprawl and conversion to intensively managed pine plantations. The Cumberland Plateau, an important ... -
Land-Cover Dynamics in an Urban Area of Ghana
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The objectives of this study were to quantify land-cover changes. A short-term projection of land-cover distribution in a 2400-ha (1 ha = 10 000 m2 ) area of northern Ghana was generated. Landsat Thematic Mapper images ... -
Global Population Distribution and Urban Land Use in Geophysical Parameter Space
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The spatial distribution of human population on the land surface is a fundamental determinant of land-use impacts on Earth's ecosystems. Census enumerations and satellite-detected night lights provide two complementary, ... -
Ecodynamic and Eddy-Admitting Dimethyl Sulfide Simulations in a Global Ocean Biogeochemistry/Circulation Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The authors describe planetary-scale modeling of mixed-layer dimethyl sulfide (DMS) processing and distributions, conducted at a resolution of 0.28° using the Parallel Ocean Program (POP). Ecodynamic routines embedded ... -
Cropland Area and Net Primary Production Computed from 30 Years of USDA Agricultural Harvest Data
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Croplands cover large areas of the globe and contribute significantly to the global carbon cycle. However, like other ecosystems, limited information exists on spatially explicit, ground-based estimates of carbon fluxes. ... -
Variability in Terrestrial Carbon Sinks over Two Decades. Part I: North America
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Seventeen years (1982?98) of net carbon flux predictions from a simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover have been analyzed. The NASA?CASA model was driven by vegetation cover properties ...