Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 801-820 of 865
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On Using Historical Comparisons in Evaluating Cloud Seeding Operations
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Cloud seeding operations are often evaluated by comparing precipitation during operations with records of previous ?historical? precipitation. Possible biases that can arise from such comparisons have been discussed ... -
Simulation of Transport and Removal Processes of the Saharan Dust
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)A planetary boundary layer (PBL) model has been modified to include a Saharan air layer containing the bulk of Saharan dust. The Saharan air layer is recognized as a deep mixed layer which extends up to 4?6 km during hot ... -
Experimental Studies of the Turbulence Structure Parameters of the Convective Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)We present a collection of experimental data concerning turbulent characteristics of the convective boundary layer. These data were obtained by means of instrumented aircraft during numerous experiments carried out above ... -
An Intercomparison Between Radiation Budget Estimates from METEOSAT 1, Nimbus 7 and TIROS-N Satellites
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Daily averaged and instantaneous values or the Earth's radiation budget have been computed from the satellite measurements of reflected solar and emitted terrestrial radiation with MEUGSAT 1, Nimbus 7 ERB and TIROS-N ... -
Direct Determination of Surface Albedos from Satellite Imagery
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)An empirical method to measure the spectral surface albedo of surfaces from LANDSAT imagery is presented and analyzed. The empiricism in the method is due only to the fact that three parameters of the solution must be ... -
Predicting Daily Insolation with Hourly Cloud Height and Coverage
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Solar radiation information is used in crop growth, boundary layer, entomological and plant pathological models, and in determining the potential use of active and passive solar energy systems. Yet solar radiation is among ... -
Thunderstorm Top Structure Observed by Aircraft Overflights with an Infrared Radiometer
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Thunderstorm top structure is examined with high spatial resolution radiometric data (visible and infrared) from aircraft overflights together with other storm views, including geosynchronous satellite observations. Results ... -
An Analysis of the Ground Temperature and Reflectivity Pattern about St. Louis, Missouri, Using HCMM Satellite Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Ground temperatures and reflectivity patterns have been examined for the area in and surrounding St. Louis, Missouri, using HCMM satellite data. Analyses demonstrate marked seasonal and day/night differences. In the warm ... -
A Model for the Priestley-Taylor Parameter α
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)The behavior of the Priestley-Taylor parameter α is investigated using a simplified atmospheric boundary-layer model coupled to the Penman-Monteith equation. It is found that under conditions typical for a sunny summer day ... -
Electrical Atomization of Water Dripping from Plant Leaves
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Electrical atomization of water dripping from plant leaves has been studied. It is observed that when a high positive d.c. voltage of 8?10 kV is applied to a plant then the water dripping from its leaves tips comes off the ... -
On the Influence of the Vertical Wind Structure on Convective Precipitation
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)This study investigates whether part of the variability of rain rates not explained by the thermodynamic parameters could be explained by the vertical wind structure as revealed by standard aerological sounding observations. ... -
A Simple Scheme for Daytime Estimates of the Surface Fluxes from Routine Weather Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)In this paper a simple empirical scheme is presented, which gives hourly estimates of the surface fluxes of heat and momentum from routine weather data during daytime. The scheme is designed for grass surfaces, but it ... -
Extrapolation of the Goff-Gratch Formula for Vapor Pressure of Liquid Water at Temperatures Below 0°C
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Indirect justification for extrapolating the Goff-Gratch formula for saturation vapor pressure over liquid water to temperatures as low as ?60°C has been obtained during a recent study of ice nucleation on aerosol particles ... -
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Improvements to a Simple Physical Model for Estimating Insolation from GOES Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)The simple physical model to estimate surface insolation from GOES data (described in Gautier et al., 1980) has been improved through some modifications to existing physics (Rayleigh scattering and water vapor absorption), ... -
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Antarctic Sea-Ice (1973–82)
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Monthly estimates of Antarctic sea-ice area for the past decade were extracted from operational churts. Empirical orthogonal function analyses of these satellite-derived data revealed the existence of six distinct ice area ... -
Global Vegetation and Land Use: New High-Resolution Data Bases for Climate Studies
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Global vegetation and land-use data bases (1° latitude by 1° longitude resolution), designed for use in studies of climate and climate change, were compiled in digital form drawing upon approximately 100 published sources ... -
Extrapolation of Solar Radiation Measurements: Mesoscale Analyses from Arizona and Tennessee Valley Authority Regions
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Relationships for determining the maximum permissible distance for extrapolating daily totals of solar radiation from measurement sites are established for mesoscale monitoring networks in southern Arizona and the Tennessee ... -
Variability of Population-Weighted Seasonal Heating Degree Days
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Regional and national heating fuel demand is related to both weather and population density. This study analyzes the variability of population-weighted, seasonal heating degree days for the coterminous 48 states. A risk ... -
Time-Extrapolated Rainfall Normals for Central Equatorial Pacific Islands
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Normal annual rainfalls (means and medians) for the period 1910?75 are estimated for islands in the central equatorial Pacific. Ridge regression, with an empirically determined bias constant, is used to establish the ...