Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions

Now showing items 461-480 of 865

    • Satellite Measurements of Surface Albedo and Temperatures in Semi-Desert 

      Otterman, J.; Tucker, C. J. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      Measurements of surface parameters in an arid steppe (the semi-desert of the northern Sinai) were made from the NOAA-6 satellite to assess the effects of the vegetation recovery in a fenced-off area. The radiances measured ...

    • Average Diurnal Behavior of Surface Winds during Summer at Sites in Complex Terrain 

      Garrett, Alfred J.; Smith, Frank G. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      Mean diurnal wind distributions from five surface stations in the rugged Geysers area of northern California were examined to determine how they were affected by the terrain. The one dimensional slope-flow model of Garrett ...

    • Evaluation of Urban Air Quality Models for Regulatory Use: Refinement of an Approach 

      Downton, Mary W.; Dennis, Robin L. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      Statistical measures for evaluating the performance of urban air quality models have recently been strongly recommended by several investigators. Problems that were encountered in the use of recommended performance measures ...

    • Intraseasonal Variability of Extremely Cold and Warm Months in the Contiguous United States 

      Karl, Thomas R. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      The ratio of the probability of at least one extremely cold or warm month (standardized departures ≥ 1.282 or ≤ ?1.282) in a season with near-normal mean temperatures (standardized departures ≤ 0.524 but ≥?0.524) to the ...

    • Empirical Estimation of Daily Clear Sky Solar Radiation 

      Heermann, D. F.; Harrington, G. J.; Stahl, K. M. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      The suitability of two simple empirical equations for the estimation of clear sky radiation was investigated. Results indicated that latitude and altitude were sufficient to estimate the empirical equation coefficients and ...

    • Microclimate and Heat Stress of Runners in Mass Participation Events 

      De Freitas, C. R.; Dawson, N. J.; Young, A. A.; Mackey, W. J. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      The largest mass participation fun run in the world took place in Auckland, New Zealand where an estimated 80000 participants ran 10.4 km ?Round the Bays? in the early fall of 1982. Even in the relatively mild climate of ...

    • A Model for Solar Spectral Irradiance and Radiance at the Bottom and Top of a Cloudless Atmosphere 

      Justus, C. G.; Paris, M. V. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      A simple model is presented that, in a cloud-free atmosphere, calculates solar spectral direct and diffuse irradiance and directional radiance at the surface, spectral absorption within the atmosphere and the upward reflected ...

    • Surface Albedo over the Sahel from METEOSAT Radiances 

      Pinty, Bernard; Szejwach, Gérard; Stum, Jacques (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      A method to estimate surface albedo in the African Sahel is proposed and discussed. This method, which uses METEOSAT imagery and routine surface global radiation measurement is shown to be relevant for climatological ...

    • Monthly Mean Cloudiness Observed from METEOSAT-2 

      Saunders, R. W. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      For this study, a sampled dataset from the original METEOSAT images was taken over a seven-month period for areas with a variety of different surface types and geographical locations. This was the initial BI dataset requested ...

    • The Improved Initialization Inversion Method: A High Resolution Physical Method for Temperature Retrievals from Satellites of the TIROS-N Series 

      Chedin, A.; Scott, N. A.; Wahiche, C.; Moulinier, P. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      The Improved lnitialization Inversion (3I) procedure is a physico-statistical algorithm for retrieving meteorological parameters from TIROS-N satellite data at a special resolution of 100 ? 100 km. This procedure accounts ...

    • Precipitation Trends and Water Consumption Related to Population in the Southwestern United States, 1930–83 

      Diaz, Henry F.; Holle, Ronald L.; Thorn, Joe W. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      The possible effects of climatic fluctuations on renewable water supplies in the western United States was examined, especially as it is impacted by the growth of population and water consumption in recent decades. ...

    • The Effect of Seasonal Variation and Serial Correlation on the Extreme Value Distribution of Rainfall Data 

      Buishand, T. A. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      For practical applications both the parent distribution of rainfall intensifies and the distribution of their annual maxima are of interest. The relation between these two distributions cannot be obtained from classical ...

    • Radar Determination of Snowfall Rate and Accumulation 

      Boucher, Roland J.; Wieler, James G. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      A unique method that provides for relating radar-measured reflectivity factors to snowfall rates at the ground is presented. Data were provided by a CPS-9, 3.2 cm radar from six 1978 Massachusetts snowstorms A best-fit ...

    • Variability of Cloudiness at Airline Cruise Altitudes from GASP Measurements 

      Jasperson, William H.; Nastrom, Gregory D.; Davis, Richard E.; Holdeman, James D. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      A climatology of high-altitude cloud encounters using data obtained between 1975 and 1979 from commercial airliners participating in the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) is presented. The statistics are based on ...

    • Surface Radiation in the Tropical Pacific 

      Chou, Ming-Dah (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      Monthly surface radiative fluxes in the tropical Pacific between January 1970 and February 1978 have been calculated using a radiative transfer package which includes detailed treatments of the molecular and droplet ...

    • Sahel: The Changing Rainfall Regime and the “Normals” Used for its Assessment 

      Todorov, A. V. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      Rainfall amounts in the Sahel region of Africa began a decline around 1968 that has continued to the present. The drought of 1982?83 was more severe and devastating than the well-known drought of 1972?73. Most years between ...

    • Reply 

      Mekler, Y.; Joseph, J. H. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
      No abstract available.

    • A Classification Scheme for Satellite Temperature Retrievals 

      Uddstrom, M. J.; Wark, D. Q. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      A new approach is presented to the problem of specifying constraints on retrieval estimators used to calculate vertical temperature profiles from satellite measurements of upwelling radiance. An unsupervised classification ...

    • Pattern Recognition in the Satellite Temperature Retrieval Problem 

      Thompson, Owen E.; Goldberg, Mitchell D.; Dazlich, Donald A. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      Two Pattern recognition procedures are developed to provide improvements to first-guess fields for satellite temperature retrievals. The first is a technique whereby a radiometer measurement may be used to select one or ...

    • A Fair-Weather Cumulus Cloud Classification Scheme for Mixed-Layer Studies 

      Stull, Roland B. (American Meteorological Society, 1985)
      Not all cumulus clouds can vent mixed-layer air into the free atmosphere. Therefore, three subtypes of fair-weather cumulus clouds are identified based on the nature of their interaction with the mixed layer: forced, active ...