Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 261-280 of 865
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Modifications of Air Flow Due to the Formation of a Reservoir
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Local modifications of air flow caused by the construction of the Arenal Reservoir in Costa Rica were investigated. From the analysis of data recorded at a station near the downwind side of the reservoir for the years ... -
Main Results of Grossversuch IV
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The main results of a randomized hail suppression experiment, Grossversuch IV, are presented in this paper. Grossversuch IV tested the ?Soviet? hail prevention method during five years (1977?81). The field experiment took ... -
Some Characteristic Differences in the Earth's Radiation Budget over Land and Ocean Derived from the Nimbus-7 ERB Experiment
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Broad spectral band Nimbus-7 Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) experiment data are analyzed for top-of-the-atmosphere regional variations in near-ultraviolet visible and near-infrared reflected solar radiation. Regional differences ... -
A Model for Saharan Dust Transport
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)In this paper the source strength and the deposition rate of the dust emerging from the Sahara are assessed. For this purpose a multichannel sunphotometer has been developed and a turbidity network covering 11 stations has ... -
A Preliminary Climatology of the Spectrum of Vertical Velocity Observed by Clear-Air Doppler Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Multiheight time series of atmospheric vertical velocities in the troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by clear-air Doppler radar are presented at various locations around the world. Frequency spectra of vertical ... -
Freeze-up and Break-up of Lakes as an Index of Temperature Changes during the Transition Seasons: A Case Study for Finland
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The statistical relationships between lake freeze-up/lake ice break-up dates and air temperature means over various time periods are analyzed for 63 lakes in Finland. Mean temperatures for the individual months before the ... -
A Discussion of Schatzmann's Integral Plume Model from a Control Volume Viewpoint
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Of the numerous integral models that have been developed to describe buoyant plumes in stratified crossflows, Schatzmann's model appears to be the most mathematically rigorous and physically complete. So far, however, a ... -
Correction of Satellite Temperature Retrieval Errors Due to Errors in Atmospheric Transmittances
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)It is generally assumed that atmospheric transmittance functions are known to an accuracy of no better than about five to ten percent. Consequently, one can expect a major impact of these errors on temperature retrieves ... -
Multiple Remote Sensor Observations of Supercooled Liquid Water in a Winter Storm at Beaver, Utah
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The temporal and spatial distribution of cloud liquid water in a winter storm from the 1983 Utah/NOAA Cooperative Weather Modification Program is characterized using remote sensing observations. The remote sensors, located ... -
Disdrometer Measurements during an Intense Rainfall Event in Central Illinois: Implications for Differential Reflectivity Radar Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Empirical relationships for estimating rainfall rate, liquid water content and median volume diameter from radar measurements of reflectivity factor and differential reflectivity are derived from a disdrometer record of a ... -
Two Vectorized Algorithms for the Effective Calculation of Mass-Consistent Flow Fields
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The purpose of this paper is the calculation of mass-consistent wind velocity fields over complex orography on the basis of existing measurements. Measured data are used to generate an initial wind velocity field that in ... -
A Simplified Boundary Layer Wind Model for Practical Application
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A parameterized boundary layer wind model, applicable not only in horizontally homogeneous conditions but also in the case of a discontinuity in roughness length, has been developed. The input data needed are wind speed ... -
Numerical Analysis of Air Pollution in a Combined Field of Land/Sea Breeze and Mountain/Valley Wind
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Air pollution in the presence of two types of local flows (i.e., land/sea breeze and mountain/valley wind) was studied by advection simulation of the cluster of hypothetical fluid particles, and transport/chemistry calculation ... -
Evaluation of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Data from the Western United States for the 1983–84 Summer Seasons
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Over two million cloud-to-ground lightning strike locations for the period from mid-June through mid-September for the 1983?84 summer seasons were evaluated to determine the large-scale climatological characteristics of ... -
Spring Season Colorado Cyclones. Part II: Composites of Atmospheric Moisture and Moist Static Stability
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A composite based on 39 cases of April and May Colorado cyclogenesis is used to examine the moisture distribution and its evolution during the early stages of Colorado cyclones. Moist static stability and its changes are ... -
A Satellite Passive 37-GHz Scattering-based Method for Measuring Oceanic Rain Rates
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A combination of theory and measurement is used to develop a scattering-based method for quantitatively measuring rainfall over the ocean from Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) 37-GHz observations. ... -
Diurnal Variation of Outgoing Longwave Radiation in the Tropics
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The diurnal harmonic in longwave emission in the tropical belt (30°N?30°S) is estimated from nine years of NOAA polar-orbiting satellite data. The results are compared successfully with Nimbus-7 ERB scanner data and with ... -
Hurricane Structure and Wind Fields from Stereoscopic and Infrared Satellite Observations and Radar Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Infrared and stereoscopic visible satellite data from synchronized scanning of GOES-East and -West are combined with ground-based radar data for Hurricane Frederic (1979) and time-composited airborne radar for Hurricane ... -
Spring Season Colorado Cyclones. Part I: Use of Composites to Relate Upper and Lower Tropospheric Wind Fields
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A set of 70 cases of spring season Colorado cyclone events is used to form composites which describe the upper (300 mb) and lower (850 mb) tropospheric wind fields during the early stages of cyclone formation. The 70 cases ... -
Distortion Effects of the Anomaly Method of Removing Seasonal or Diurnal Variations from Climatological Time Series
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)In the environmental sciences, observations time series usually include important contributions from the annual and daily variations. A commonly used procedure to eliminate these cycles is a form of prewhitening known as ...