Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 201-220 of 865
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Effect of the El Chichón Volcanic Cloud on the Surface Radiative Regime in Central Alaska
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Five years of detailed radiation measurements were taken at Fairbanks, Alaska. These data showed that the El Chichón volcanic cloud had a major impact on the surface radiative regime, the maximum of which was observed in ... -
Rainfall Kinetic Energy in Eastern Australia
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Rainfall kinetic energy is a commonly used climatic parameter for the prediction of soil erosion by water. Such a parameter is difficult to measure and is usually estimated from relationships established between rainfall ... -
Spruce Budworm Moth Flight and Storms, Further Studies Using Aircraft and Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)In two further detailed case studies using special insect-detecting radars and aircraft, the height, density, speed and extent of displacement of night-flying spruce budworm months (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]) were ... -
An Indirect Estimation of Convective Boundary Layer Structure for Use in Pollution Dispersion Models
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Dispersion models of the convectively driven atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) often require as input meteorological parameters that are not routinely measured. These parameters usually include the surface fluxes of heat ... -
Surface Roughness Parameter Estimated with a Drag Technique
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The surface roughness parameter, z0, can be estimated with different techniques. These techniques are analyzing the mean wind profile, estimating the surface drag coefficient and using the universal functions according to ... -
Lidar Observation of Elevated Pollution Layers over Los Angeles
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Elevated pollution layers are observed over Los Angeles with an aircraft equipped with a downward-looking lidar. For the first time, detailed ancillary upper-air kinematic and thermodynamic data were collected simultaneously ... -
African Dust Reaching Northwestern Europe: A Case Study to Verify Trajectory Calculations
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)An African dust event reaching northwestern Europe has been documented and examined more thoroughly than ever before, using satellite imagery, upper-air soundings, surface observations, X-ray analyses of the dust composition, ... -
Wind Variability—An Indicator for a Mesoclimatic Change in Israel
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)It is shown that the normalized diurnal and interdiurnal surface wind variabilities have a clear decreasing trend in central-southern Israel for the last three decades. This trend is found in the surface data of the ... -
Use of Meteosat for Mapping Thermal Inertia and Evapotranspiration over a Limited Region of Mali
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)In order to determine thermal inertia and latent heat flux from Meteosat data, we propose a model based on a Fourier analysis of the time variation of the surface temperature. This model uses as input the classical ... -
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Analytical Shear Statistics Based on Nocturnal Wind Profiles
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)For a number of periods since 1978, wind and temperature profile measurements have been taken at two radio masts of 300 m height located in northern Germany. From wind profiles obtained during nocturnal conditions, wind ... -
The Impact of Mesoscale Convective Systems on Regional Visibility and Oxidant Distributions during Persistent Elevated Pollution Episodes
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)It is generally accepted that atmospheric pollutants can be transported over distances described as synoptic in scale. However, the redistribution and removal of the various pollutant species may be significantly influenced, ... -
Atmospheric Solar Heating Rate in the Water Vapor Bands
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The total absorption of solar radiation by water vapor in clear atmosphere is parameterized as a simple function of the scaled water vapor amount. For applications to cloudy and hazy atmospheres, the flux-weighted ... -
Rainfall over Oceans Inferred from Nimbus 7 SMMR: Application to 1982–83 El Niño
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) measurements at five frequencies in the region 6.6 to 37 GHz, at a resolution of 155 km, are analyzed to infer precipitation over the global oceans. The microwave ... -
Lateral Dispersion from Tall Stacks
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Hourly ground-level concentrations of SF6 at downwind distances ranging from 0.5 to 50 km were observed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) on dense monitoring networks around power plants at Kincaid, Illinois, ... -
Smoke-Plume Distributions above Large-Scale Fires: Implications for Simulations of “Nuclear Winter”
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Smoke from raging fires produced in the aftermath of a major nuclear exchange has been predicted to cause large decreases in surface temperatures. However, the extent of the decrease and even the sign of the temperature ... -
Diffusion Model for a Convective Layer. Part II: Plume Released from a Continuous Point Source
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A two-dimensional diffusion model for a convective planetary boundary layer is presented. Three prognostic equations are employed for the concentration, the concentration flux, and the covariance of temperature and ... -
Diffusion Model for a Convective Layer. Part I: Numerical Simulation of Convective Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A simple turbulence model is used to study the moist convective boundary layer, in which a prognostic equation is applied to calculate the turbulent kinetic energy E. An observational length scale of the vertical velocity ... -
Remote Sensing of Hail with a Dual Linear Polarization Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A technique for the remote sensing of hail with an S-band dual linear polarization radar is described. The method employs a new hail signal HDR, which is derived from disdrometer measurements of raindrop size distributions. ... -
The Spatial Coherence of African Rainfall Anomalies: Interhemispheric Teleconnections
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The spatial patterns of rainfall variability over the African continent are examined using a regionally averaged data set comprising the records of 1087 stations. Typical rainfall departure patterns, or anomaly types, are ...