Extensive studies have addressed the characteristics and mechanisms of open-ocean polynyas in the Weddell and Cosmonaut Seas. Here, we show that more persistent open-ocean polynyas occur in the Cooperation Sea (CS) (60°–90°E), ...

From 12 to 16 October 2016, a series of three major low pressure systems, including the tail end of Typhoon Songda, crossed the coasts of British Columbia (BC) and the state of Washington (WA). Songda was generated on 2 ...

The Southern Hemisphere temperature has experienced obvious changes with great spatial differences over the past several decades. Most regions show extreme warming, especially those located at 35°–55°S. In contrast, ...

The Strait of Georgia is a large and deep fjordlike basin on the northeastern Pacific coast whose bottom waters are dramatically renewed by a series of intermittent gravity currents in summer. Here, we analyze a dataset ...

For Arctic estuaries that are characterized by landfast sea ice cover during the winter season, processes generating estuarine circulation and residual stratification have not yet been investigated, although some of the ...

Previous in situ observations have suggested that bottom water temperature variations in shelf seas can drive significant ocean bottom heat flux (BHF) by heat conduction. The BHF-driven bottom water temperature variations, ...

Lateral mesoscale eddy-induced tracer transport is traditionally represented in coarse-resolution models by the flux–gradient relation. In its most complete form, the relation assumes the eddy tracer flux as a product of ...

Internal waves are predominantly generated by winds, tide–topography interactions, and balanced flow–topography interactions. Observations of vertical shear of horizontal velocity (

The abyssal overturning circulation is thought to be primarily driven by small-scale turbulent mixing. Diagnosed water-mass transformations are dominated by rough topography “hotspots,” where the bottom enhancement of ...