Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4121-4140 of 5084
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A Method for Monthly Detection of Inhomogeneities and Errors in Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Two statistical tests are described that can be used to detect potential inhomogeneities and errors in daily temperature observations. These tests, based on neighbor comparisons, differ from existing inhomogeneity tests ... -
Simulation-Based Analysis of Dependence of the Mean Storm Height Measured by a Spaceborne Radar on Its Angle from the Nadir
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a joint project between the United States and Japan on rain measurement from space. The first spaceborne rain radar was carried aboard the TRMM satellite. To achieve a ... -
Effect of Nonuniform Beam Filling on the Propagation of the Radar Signal at X-Band Frequencies. Part I: Changes in the k(Z) Relationship
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Most attenuation correction algorithms are based on the assumption of an average, range-independent power-law relationship, k = aZb, between attenuation k and reflectivity Z. This paper analyzes how nonuniform beam filling ... -
Comments on “A Statistical Determination of the Random Observational Errors Present in Voluntary Observing Ships’ Meteorological Reports”
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The accuracy achievable for surface ship pressure reports and the sources of error in them are discussed. In The Met Office numerical weather prediction (NWP) system the error is estimated as 1 hPa, whereas Kent et al. ... -
Calculating Lagrangian Trajectories Using Time-Dependent Velocity Fields
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The authors report on the development of an efficient and accurate tool for computing Lagrangian trajectories using time-varying velocities. By linearly interpolating the velocities both in space and time one can obtain ... -
A Simple Device for Integrating Temperature, Relative Humidity or Salinity over Time
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The robust diffusion sensor provides a simple, inexpensive, accurate method to integrate temperature, relative humidity (or water activity), or salinity for time periods up to several years. It does not require power or ... -
Internal Tide Generation over Topography: Experiments with a Free-Surface z-Level Ocean Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)A three-dimensional, z-level, primitive-equation ocean circulation model (DieCAST) is modified to include a free-surface and partial cells. The updating of free-surface elevation is implicit in time so that the extra ... -
A Correction to the Baroclinic Pressure Gradient Term in the Princeton Ocean Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)An error in the calculation of the baroclinic pressure gradient term in the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was identified while modeling the M2 tidal current near its critical latitude in the southern Weddell Sea. The error ... -
Mapping Abyssal Current and Pressure Fields under the Meandering Gulf Stream
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Using bottom pressure measurements and current meter measurements at 3500-m depth at 12 sites under the Gulf Stream near 68°W daily optimally interpolated (OI) maps have been constructed for June 1988 to August 1990. Prior ... -
Wirewalker: An Autonomous Wave-Powered Vertical Profiler
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)An inexpensive vertically profiling float that draws its energy from the ocean surface wavefield is described. Termed the ?Wirewalker,? it is a generalized platform capable of supporting a variety of self-contained ... -
A Nowcast/Forecast System for Coastal Ocean Circulation Using Simple Nudging Data Assimilation
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)This study describes the establishment of a Nowcast/Forecast System for Coastal Ocean Circulation (NFS-COC), which was run operationally on a daily basis to provide users ocean surface currents and sea levels that vary ... -
Sampling Errors in Wind Fields Constructed from Single and Tandem Scatterometer Datasets
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Sampling patterns and sampling errors from various scatterometer datasets are examined. Four single and two tandem scatterometer mission scenarios are considered. The single scatterometer missions are ERS (with a single, ... -
The Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer: A High-Accuracy, Seagoing Infrared Spectroradiometer
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) is described, and some examples of the environmental variables that can be derived from its measurements and the types of research that these can support are ... -
Profiling ALACEs and Other Advances in Autonomous Subsurface Floats
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Over the past decade more than 1200 autonomous floats have been deployed worldwide. In addition to velocity as marked by lateral movement, many of these floats measured quantities like profiles of temperature and salinity, ... -
Inverse Model for Limited-Area Hindcasts on the Continental Shelf
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The authors have constructed an inverse model for interpreting subtidal velocity observations in a limited-area hindcasting context. The intended use is following removal of a best prior circulation estimate that accounts ... -
The Effect of Radar Pulse Length on Cloud Reflectivity Statistics
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)When observing clouds with radars, there are a number of design parameters, such as transmitted power, antenna size, and wavelength, that can affect the detection threshold. In making calculations of radar thresholds, also ... -
A Vertical Wind Tunnel for Snow Process Studies
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A vertical wind tunnel using an artificially generated supercooled cloud was constructed to study snowfall processes. It is 18 m high and operates to a temperature as low as ?25°C. Ultrasonic atomizers supply the supercooled ... -
An Ultralight Aircraft as Platform for Research in the Lower Troposphere: System Performance and First Results from Radiation Transfer Studies in Stratiform Aerosol Layers and Broken Cloud Conditions
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The ultraviolet actinic radiation flux governing the photochemical reactions in the atmosphere is dependent on the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols and reflective surfaces of ground and clouds. Theoretical models ... -
Remote Sensing of the Thermodynamic State of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer by Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)First results are presented of 18 months' experience with a microwave profiler that has been in operation in an unattended mode. Profiles of temperature and water vapor were retrieved without bias by a statistical regression ... -
Observations of “Hysteresis” in Backscattered Ultraviolet Ozone Data
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Satellite measurements using the backscattered ultraviolet technique provide a powerful method for the observation of stratospheric ozone. However, rapid input signal variations over three to four orders of magnitude in ...