Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4041-4060 of 5084
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Using Single-Doppler Data to Obtain a Mesoscale Environmental Field
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)A 3D wind analysis based on single-Doppler data is proposed using mass conservation and assuming a linear horizontal wind field, which is constant in a moving reference frame. Data over an assimilation period that includes ... -
The Optimization and Calibration of a Rain Intensity Gauge
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The high temporal variability of rainfall requires that measurements be taken at a high frequency for that variability to be recorded well, but most conventional gauges do not have this capability. The gauge described has ... -
Comparison of Precipitable Water Vapor Observations by Spaceborne Radar Interferometry and Meteosat 6.7-μm Radiometry
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) can be applied to study vertically integrated atmospheric refractivity variations with a spatial resolution of 20 m and an accuracy of 2 mm, irrespective of cloud cover or solar ... -
Analyzing Altimeter Artifacts: Statistical Properties of Ocean Waveforms
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)In this paper waveforms, that is, returns from the ocean surface, from a number of spaceborne radar altimeter instruments [European Remote-sensing Satellites (ERS-1 and -2), TOPEX, and Poseidon] are examined. This is the ... -
Analysis of a Method to Estimate Chlorophyll-a Concentration from Irradiance Measurements at Varying Depths
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)A model to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration and yellow substance absorption at 440 nm from irradiance measurements made at varying depths is examined. The derivation of the model, requiring irradiance measurements at ... -
An Operational Method for Separating Wind Sea and Swell from Ocean Wave Spectra
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Coexistence of wind sea generated locally and swell radiated from distant storms often results in double-peaked or multiple-peaked spectra. Identification and separation of the wave energies of wind sea and swell provide ... -
Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Flow Measurement from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with Applications to Deep Ocean Convection
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The authors present a new modality for direct measurement of ocean flow, achieved by combining the resolution and precision of an acoustic Doppler velocimeter with the mobility of an autonomous underwater vehicle. To obtain ... -
A Characterization of the North Atlantic STMW Layer Climatology Using World Ocean Atlas 1994 Data
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) layer was identified based on its temperature, large thickness, and small temperature gradient. Comparisons between this method and identifying the STMW layer using a ... -
An Improved Airborne Aitken Nucleus Counter
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)An instrument has been designed for measuring with high accuracy and resolution the size and concentration of atmospheric particles ≥0.005 ?m. It is pressure compensated for aircraft use and can take five readings per ... -
A Multiple Direction Radiation Sensor, DIRAM
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)The Directional Radiance Distribution Measurement (DIRAM) device was designed and built to determine the angular distribution of shortwave radiance as a function of height in cloudy and clear-sky conditions at various ... -
Measuring the Accuracy of MARSS—An Airborne Microwave Radiometer
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)An airborne microwave radiometer has been thoroughly characterized by the Met Office, using a thermal-vacuum test facility and flight test data. Scan dependence due to mirror reflectivity considerations, as well as calibration ... -
ATLAS Self-Siphoning Rain Gauge Error Estimates
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)This report describes sampling and error characteristics of self-siphoning rain gauges used on moored buoys designed and assembled at NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) for deployment in the tropical ... -
Comparison of Horizontal and Vertical Scintillometer Crosswinds during Strong Foehn with Lidar and Aircraft Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Measurements of the horizontal and vertical wind component by a crosswind scintillometer during foehn, the chinooklike downslope windstorm in the Alps, are presented. Because of the sparsity of vertical velocity measurements ... -
Comparisons of Rain Rate and Reflectivity Factor Derived from the TRMM Precipitation Radar and the WSR-88D over the Melbourne, Florida, Site
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Validating the results from the spaceborne Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) requires comparisons with well-calibrated ground-based radar measurements. At altitudes near the storm top, ... -
Moisture Analysis of a Type I Cloud-Topped Boundary Layer from Doppler Radar and Rawinsonde Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Moisture data from radar and rawinsonde observations during three lake-effect snow events are analyzed to determine entrainment rates. Type I convective boundary layers, which are those driven largely by surface heating, ... -
Measuring the Natural Fluorescence of Phytoplankton Cultures
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)A laboratory instrument, the Natural Fluorescence Chemostat, was developed to measure the natural fluorescence of phytoplankton cultures. With this instrument, the physical and chemical environment of a culture can be ... -
Relaxing the Boussinesq Approximation in Ocean Circulation Models
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)There is a growing need for ocean circulation models that conserve mass rather than volume (as in traditional Boussinesq models). One reason is bottom pressure data expected to flow from satellite-mounted gravity-measuring ... -
Simulations of Quasigeostrophic Currents Derived from Satellite Altimetry and Acoustic Tomography of an Open Ocean Region
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Acoustic tomography (AT) and satellite altimetry (SA) measure properties of the ocean state with high temporal resolution. That makes these data suitable for long-term monitoring of mesoscale features in the open ocean ... -
Autonomous Pinniped Environmental Samplers: Using Instrumented Animals as Oceanographic Data Collectors
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)Data-recording tags applied to marine animals store data for later retrieval and can return valuable information on animal behavior and ecology, including habitat preference, physiology, and movement patterns, as well as ... -
Theory and Optimization of the Excess Bias Measurement
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)In this paper we explain the general theory of the excess bias measurement as a radar parameter suitable for deriving information of meteorological relevance from the fluctuation of weather echoes. Since the excess bias ...