Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3761-3780 of 5084
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Detection and Analysis of Clear-Sky, Low-Level Atmospheric Temperature Inversions with MODIS
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The near-surface atmosphere of the polar region is characterized by temperature inversions throughout most of the year. However, radiosonde data are sparse, and numerical weather prediction models have relatively poor ... -
Comparison of Rain Rates over the Ocean Derived from TRMM Microwave Imager and Precipitation Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Surface rain rates over the ocean derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) are compared and systematic differences between TMI-derived rain rates and ... -
Multi-Gaussian Representation of the Cox–Munk Distribution for Slopes of Wind-Driven Waves
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The Cox?Munk probability density function (PDF) for slopes (?x, ?y) of wind-driven ocean waves was obtained about 50 years ago and until now has remained the most complete result. This PDF is widely used in different ... -
Instrument Characterization for the Detection of Long-term Changes in Stratospheric Ozone: An Analysis of the SBUY/2 Radiometer
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The scientific objective of unambiguously detecting subtle global trends in upper stratospheric ozone requires that one maintain a thorough understanding of the satellite-based remote sensors intended for this task. The ... -
Bottom Topography as a Control Variable in an Ocean Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The possibility of using topography in a state estimation context as a control parameter is explored in a linear barotropic shallow water model. Along with its adjoint, the model is used to systematically assess the influence ... -
MicroSoar: A New Instrument for Measuring Microscale Turbulence from Rapidly Moving Submerged Platforms
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A new high-frequency turbulence measuring instrument, MicroSoar, has been developed, tested, and used to make scalar variance dissipation rate measurements. MicroSoar was mounted on the undercarriage of SeaSoar, a ... -
Vicarious Calibration of an Ocean Salinity Radiometer from Low Earth Orbit
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Statistical properties of the brightness temperature (TB) measured by a low-earth-orbiting radiometer operating at 1.4 GHz are considered as a means of calibrating and validating the sensor. Mapping of ocean salinity by ... -
Error Budget of Inverse Box Models: The North Atlantic
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Linear inverse box models based on hydrographic data are widely used to estimate the ocean circulation and associated transports of heat and of other important quantities. The inverse method permits calculation of a ... -
Statistical Behavior of ALACE Floats at the Surface of the Southern Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer (ALACE) floats were designed to measure subsurface velocities throughout the global ocean. In order to transmit their data to satellite, they spend 24 h at the ocean surface during ... -
Climatological SST and MLD Predictions from a Global Layered Ocean Model with an Embedded Mixed Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with an embedded mixed layer submodel is used to predict the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) and surface ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) ... -
The NRL Layered Global Ocean Model (NLOM) with an Embedded Mixed Layer Submodel: Formulation and Tuning
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A bulk-type (modified Kraus?Turner) mixed layer model that is embedded within the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) is introduced. It is an independent submodel loosely coupled to NLOM's dynamical ... -
Submesoscale Coastal Ocean Flows Detected by Very High Frequency Radar and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Over a 29-day time series in July 1999, an ocean surface current radar (OSCR) in very high frequency (VHF) mode mapped the surface velocity field at 250-m resolution at 700 cells off Fort Lauderdale, Florida. During the ... -
Influence of Radiation on the Temperature Sensor Mounted on the Swiss Radiosonde
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The Swiss radiosonde (SRS400) measures the air temperature with a very thin copper?constantan thermocouple. The influence of the visible and infrared radiation, as well as the dependency of the air pressure on the measured ... -
Vertically Rising Microstructure Profiler
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The vertically rising microstructure profiler was designed to measure temperature gradient and conductivity gradient microstructure in lakes, reservoirs and coastal seas. The instrument is totally independent of surface ... -
Small-Particle Size Determination by Optical Array Probe Oversampling
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Oversampling of optical array probes (OAPs) is described as a novel technique to increase the quality of small-particle data available in cloud microphysics. The slice rate of a 10-?m-resolution grayscale OAP is increased ... -
The Behavior of the Snow White Chilled-Mirror Hygrometer in Extremely Dry Conditions
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The Snow White hygrometer, made by Meteolabor AG, Switzerland, is a new chilled-mirror instrument using a thermoelectric Peltier cooler to measure atmospheric water vapor. Its performance under dry conditions is evaluated ... -
Stability of an Iterative Dual-Doppler Wind Synthesis in Cartesian Coordinates
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A popular method for obtaining a wind field that satisfies mass continuity and that is consistent with dual-Doppler radial velocity observations is the iterative wind synthesis in Cartesian coordinates. However, in some ... -
Investigation of Systematic Uncertainties in Brewer–Mast Ozone Soundings Using Observations from a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The series of balloon-borne Brewer?Mast ozone soundings is one of the few datasets that allow the reconstruction of the history of stratospheric ozone decline over the last three decades. The reanalysis of these data goes ... -
Performance of the Meteolabor “Snow White” Chilled-Mirror Hygrometer in the Tropical Troposphere: Comparisons with the Vaisala RS80 A/H-Humicap Sensors
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The ?Snow White? hygrometer is a low-cost, chilled-mirror hygrometer for radiosonde applications provided by a Swiss company, Meteolabor AG. A total of 54 Snow White soundings were conducted at five tropical stations in ... -
An Anisotropy Correction Method for All-Sky Measurements of Diffuse UV-B Erythemal Irradiance
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Occulting disk or shadowband arrangements are often applied to both spectral and broadband sensors in order to retrieve the total diffuse irradiance. However, there is difficulty in the application of a suitable diffuse ...