Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3721-3740 of 5084
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Accurate and Computationally Efficient Algorithms for Potential Temperature and Density of Seawater
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)An equation of state for seawater is presented that contains 25 terms and is an excellent fit to the Feistel and Hagen equation of state. It is written in terms of potential temperature (rather than in situ temperature), ... -
Performance of Satellite-Based Ocean Forecasting (SOFT) Systems: A Study in the Adriatic Sea
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Continuous monitoring by satellites of the ocean spatiotemporal variability allows empirical forecasting of satellite-observed data. The forecast of satellite data is achieved in three major phases: decomposition of the ... -
Minimizing Systematic Errors in Cloud Fraction Estimates from Spaceborne Cloud Radars
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In order to detect weakly reflecting clouds, radar pulse returns are often averaged over a considerable time to increase the probability of the sample volume being registered as cloudy. However, if the sample volume is ... -
Studies of the Polarimetric Covariance Matrix. Part I: Calibration Methodology
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A procedure for calibration of the radar covariance matrix for the Colorado State University?University of Chicago?Illinois State Water Survey (CSU?CHILL) radar and S-Band Dual-Polarization Doppler Radar (S-Pol) systems ... -
Evaporation–Condensation Effects on Resonant Photoacoustics of Volatile Aerosols
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In determining the optical properties of the atmosphere, the measurement of light absorption by aerosols is particularly challenging, and yet it is important because of the influence of strongly absorbing black carbon on ... -
Unambiguous Range Extension by Overlay Resolution in Staggered PRT Technique
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In this paper a method is presented for separating overlaid echoes in a Doppler weather radar that uses a staggered pulse repetition time (PRT) transmission scheme to mitigate the effects of range?velocity ambiguities. In ... -
The Cospectral Gap and Turbulent Flux Calculations
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)An alternative method to Fourier analysis is discussed for studying the scale dependence of variances and covariances in atmospheric boundary layer time series. Unlike Fourier decomposition, the scale dependence based on ... -
Methodology for Aligning and Comparing Spaceborne Radar and Ground-Based Radar Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Direct intercomparisons between space- and ground-based radar measurements can be a challenging task. Differences in viewing aspects between space and earth observations, propagation paths, frequencies, resolution volume ... -
Retrieval of Kinematic Fields from Dual-Beam Airborne Radar Data Gathered in Circular Trajectories during the FASTEX Experiment
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The present paper describes the vertical structure of the wind field obtained by analysis of ?purls,? that is, circular trajectories regularly performed by airborne dual-beam Doppler radars within the FASTEX frontal cyclones. ... -
Use of Adaptive Polynomials for Real-Time Data Editing
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The National Center for Atmospheric Research has developed a new radiosonde system CLASS (Cross-chain LORAN Atmospheric Sounding System). The sounding data acquired by this system are nonstationary with time dependent mean ... -
Error Estimates of Version 5.0 of MSU–AMSU Bulk Atmospheric Temperatures
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Deep-layer temperatures derived from satellite-borne microwave sensors since 1979 are revised (version 5.0) to account for 1) a change from microwave sounding units (MSUs) to the advanced MSUs (AMSUs) and 2) an improved ... -
Comparisons of Line-of-Sight Water Vapor Observations Using the Global Positioning System and a Pointing Microwave Radiometer
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Line-of-sight measurements of integrated water vapor from a global positioning system (GPS) receiver and a microwave radiometer are compared. These two instruments were collocated at the central facility of the Department ... -
A Two-Dimensional Variational Analysis Method for NSCAT Ambiguity Removal: Methodology, Sensitivity, and Tuning
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In this study, a two-dimensional variational analysis method (2DVAR) is applied to select a wind solution from NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) ambiguous winds. A 2DVAR method determines a ?best? gridded surface wind analysis ... -
Absolute Calibration of 94/95-GHz Radars Using Rain
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Absolute calibration of cloud radars is very difficult. A new method is proposed for 94/95-GHz radars that exploits the fact that at this frequency, the radar reflectivity factor of rain measured at a range of 250 m is ... -
A New Method for the Measurement of the Optical Volume Scattering Function in the Upper Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A new method to measure the optical volume scattering function (VSF) of seawater is presented. The VSF is a fundamental property used in the calculation of radiative transfer for applications as diverse as upper-ocean ... -
The Relationship between Winds, Surface Roughness, and Radar Backscatter at Low Incidence Angles from TRMM Precipitation Radar Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)One year of collocated, rain-free normalized backscatter cross-section measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and wind speed estimates from the TRMM Microwave Imager are ... -
Retrieval of Lake Bulk and Skin Temperatures Using Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-2) Data: A Case Study Using Lake Tahoe, California
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In 1999, four monitoring stations were permanently moored on Lake Tahoe, California?Nevada. Each monitoring station provides near-real-time measurements of the surface skin temperature and bulk temperature on a near-continuous ... -
Mesoscale Correlation Length Scales from NSCAT and Minimet Surface Wind Retrievals in the Labrador Sea
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Observations of the surface wind speed and direction in the Labrador Sea for the period October 1996?May 1997 were obtained by the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT), and by 21 newly developed Minimet drifting buoys. Minimet wind ... -
Analysis of Sparse and Noisy Ocean Current Data Using Flow Decomposition. Part II: Applications to Eulerian and Lagrangian Data
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The capability of the reconstruction scheme developed in Part I is demonstrated here through three practical applications. First, the nonlinear regression model is used to reproduce the upper-layer three-dimensional ... -
Analysis of Sparse and Noisy Ocean Current Data Using Flow Decomposition. Part I: Theory
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A new approach is developed to reconstruct a three-dimensional incompressible flow from noisy data in an open domain using a two-scalar (toroidal and poloidal) spectral representation. The results are presented in two ...