Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3661-3680 of 5084
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Comparison of Polarimetric Radar Drop Size Distribution Retrieval Algorithms
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Recently, two physically based algorithms, the ?beta? (?) method and the ?constrained-gamma? method, have been proposed for retrieving the governing parameters of the gamma drop size distribution (DSD) from polarimetric ... -
Depolarization Estimates from Linear H and V Measurements with Weather Radars Operating in Simultaneous Transmission–Simultaneous Receiving Mode
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Circular depolarization ratio (CDR) is a polarimetric parameter, which, unlike linear depolarization ratio (LDR), does not exhibit significant dependence on hydrometeor orientation and can be used for particle type ... -
Meteorological Value of Ground Target Measurements by Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Many characteristics of radar echoes from ground targets vary with time as the properties of the atmosphere in which the radar waves propagate evolve. For example, if the phase of a target varies with time and the target ... -
Liquid Water Distribution Obtained from Coplanar Scanning Radiometers
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Field trials have been carried out in the Boulder, Colorado area of a method of determination of cloud liquid-water distribution by inversion of brightness temperature data obtained from a pair of microwave radiometers ... -
North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA): VHF Source Retrieval Algorithm and Error Analyses
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Two approaches are used to characterize how accurately the north Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) is able to locate lightning VHF sources in space and time. The first method uses a Monte Carlo computer simulation to ... -
Predicting Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses among Polar-Orbiting Meteorological Satellites for the Intersatellite Calibration of Radiometers
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A method for accurately predicting simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNOs) among different sun-synchronous polar-orbiting meteorological satellites is presented for intersatellite radiometer calibration. At each SNO, the ... -
Using an “Inverse Dynamic Method” to Determine Temperature and Salinity Fields from ADCP Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)In heavily fished areas, upward looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), moored at depth, may be the only option for long-term current measurements. Arrays of ADCP moorings that cross a current can thus be the ... -
Retrieval of Ocean Surface Wind Speed and Wind Direction Using Reflected GPS Signals
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Global positioning system (GPS) signals reflected from the ocean surface can be used for various remote sensing purposes. Some possibilities include measurements of surface roughness characteristics from which the rms of ... -
Characterization of the Immersion Factor for a Series of In-Water Optical Radiometers
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Spectral immersion factors, If(?), account for the difference between the in-air and in-water absolute response of submersible radiometers and are required to properly apply the in-air absolute calibration of the sensor ... -
Estimation of the Atmospheric Structure Constants from Airplane Data
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Meteorological measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere were carried out in the past by several high-flying airplanes. It is a common practice to use the temperature spectrum of the time series obtained ... -
Estimation and Extrapolation of the Atmospheric State Parameters on the Mesoscale Level Using a Kalman Filter Algorithm
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A methodology and algorithms of spatial extrapolation of mesometeorological fields to a territory uncovered with observations are suggested. The atmospheric state and parameters are estimated using an extended Kalman filter ... -
Estimation of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density from 368-nm Spectral Irradiance
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The estimation of photosynthetically active radiation across the earth's surface is needed to model plant productivity and future impacts of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on plant productivity. While radiation in the ... -
The Influence of Radiosonde “Age” on TRMM Field Campaign Soundings Humidity Correction
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Hundreds of Vaisala sondes with an RS80-H Humicap thin-film capacitor humidity sensor were launched during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) field campaigns (1999) Large Scale Biosphere?Atmosphere (LBA) ... -
A Three-Dimensional Variational Data Analysis Method with Recursive Filter for Doppler Radars
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)In this paper, a new method of dual-Doppler radar wind analysis based on a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) approach is proposed. In it, a cost function, including background term and radial observation ... -
An Improved High-Resolution Raingage
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Evaluation of an earlier raingage design based on counting drops formed on the tip of a small-diameter stainless-steel tube shows a defect due to resonant oscillation of the water column in the dropper unit. The defect ... -
A Combined Satellite Infrared and Passive Microwave Technique for Estimation of Small-Scale Rainfall
(American Meteorological Society, 2001)There are numerous applications in climatology and hydrology where accurate information at scales smaller than the existing monthly/2.5° products would be invaluable. Here, a new microwave/infrared rainfall algorithm is ... -
Combined Doppler and Polarimetric Radar Measurements: Correction for Spectrum Aliasing and Nonsimultaneous Polarimetric Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)Combining Doppler and polarimetric information is advantageous for atmospheric studies. On the one hand, Doppler information gives insight into the microphysical and dynamic properties of radar targets, that is, radial ... -
Modeling the Aerosol Extinction versus Backscatter Relationship for Lidar Applications: Maritime and Continental Conditions
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)A model to derive functional relationships linking extinction (α) and backscatter (?) of continental and maritime aerosol at 532 nm is presented and tested. These relationships are needed to solve the single-wavelength ... -
A Relaxed Eddy Accumulator for Surface Flux Measurements on Ground-Based Platforms and Aboard Research Vessels
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)The relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method has become a standard tool for scalar flux measurements near the surface during field experiments. With this technique, turbulent fluxes of relatively slowly reacting species are ... -
The Accuracy of Marine Shadow-Band Sun Photometer Measurements of Aerosol Optical Thickness and Ångström Exponent
(American Meteorological Society, 2004)An analytical uncertainty propagation model is used in conjunction with laboratory and field data to quantify the uncertainty in measurements of the direct-normal irradiance, aerosol optical thickness, and Ångström exponent ...