Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions

Now showing items 3621-3640 of 5084

    • Sensor and Electronic Biases/Errors in Air Temperature Measurements in Common Weather Station Networks 

      Lin, X.; Hubbard, K. G. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The biases of four commonly used air temperature sensors are examined and detailed. Each temperature transducer consists of three components: temperature sensing elements, signal conditioning circuitry, and corresponding ...

    • Polarimetric Properties of Chaff 

      Zrnić, Dušan S.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Chaff contaminates estimates of precipitation amounts; hence, it is important to remove (or censor) its presence from the fields of radar reflectivity. It is demonstrated that efficient and direct identification of chaff ...

    • New Ozone Measurement Systems for Autonomous Operation on Ocean Buoys and Towers 

      Hintsa, E. J.; Allsup, G. P.; Eck, C. F.; Hosom, D. S.; Purcell, M. J.; Roberts, A. A.; Scott, D. R.; Sholkovitz, E. R.; Rawlins, W. T.; Mulhall, P. A.; Lightner, K.; McMillan, W. W.; Song, J.; Newchurch, M. J. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Two autonomous ozone measurement systems for use on ocean buoys and towers have been built and are discussed herein. They are based on low-power atmospheric ozone sensors from Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) and 2B Technologies. ...

    • Radar Beam Occultation Studies Using GIS and DEM Technology: An Example Study of Guam 

      Kucera, Paul A.; Krajewski, Witold F.; Young, C. Bryan (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Geographic information systems (GISs) combined with digital elevation models (DEMs) provide opportunities to evaluate weather radar beam blockage and other ground clutter phenomena. The authors explore this potential using ...

    • Measured and Modeled Light Scattering Values for Dry and Hydrated Laboratory Aerosols 

      Kus, Pinar; Carrico, Christian M.; Rood, Mark J.; Williams, Allen (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Closure experiments were completed to compare measured and modeled aerosol optical properties and their dependence on controlled relative humidity (RH) and wavelength of light. NaCl, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 aerosol particles ...

    • A Two-Axis Tracking System with Datalogger 

      Seefeldner, Meinhard; Oppenrieder, Andreas; Rabus, Dieter; Reuder, Joachim; Schreier, Mathias; Hoeppe, Peter; Koepke, Peter (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A versatile two-axis tracking system with datalogger is presented. It is designed with regard to high pointing accuracy, high torque and mechanical load, high accuracy of the data acquisition, extended weather resistance, ...

    • Estimates of Large Spectrum Width from Autocovariances 

      Melnikov, Valery M.; Zrnić, Dusan S. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The authors demonstrate that there are maximum measurable (saturation) spectrum widths for standard autocovariance techniques, the 0,1-lag autocovariance estimator and the 1,2-lag estimator. The maximal mean measurable ...

    • Methods for Reducing Biofouling of Moored Optical Sensors 

      Manov, Derek V.; Chang, Grace C.; Dickey, Tommy D. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Biofouling is one of the primary limiting factors in terms of measurement accuracy and deployment longevity for oceanographic studies involving autonomous sampling. Copper can significantly reduce marine fouling for long-term ...

    • Forecast Verification of the Polar Ice Prediction System (PIPS) Sea Ice Concentration Fields 

      Van Woert, Michael L.; Zou, Cheng-Zhi; Meier, Walter N.; Hovey, Philip D.; Preller, Ruth H.; Posey, Pamela G. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The National Ice Center relies upon a coupled ice?ocean model called the Polar Ice Prediction System (PIPS) to provide guidance for its 24?120-h sea ice forecasts. Here forecast skill assessments of the sea ice concentration ...

    • Relaxed Eddy Accumulation System for Size-Resolved Aerosol Particle Flux Measurements 

      Gaman, Anca; Rannik, Üllar; Aalto, Pasi; Pohja, Toivo; Siivola, Erkki; Kulmala, Markku; Vesala, Timo (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A novel relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system for aerosol particle flux measurement has been developed and tested. The system consisted of a fast-response sonic anemometer, a flow system, and software for operating the ...

    • Measurements of the Air Temperature Profile near the Ground by Two Laser Beams 

      Yokoi, Takehisa (American Meteorological Society, 1986)
      Two neon-helium gas lasers were used for temperatures profile measurements near the ground. The experiment was carried out during the cold season (when absolute humidity is small on the asphalt pavement) to be free from ...

    • Comparison of In Situ Humidity Data from Aircraft, Dropsonde, and Radiosonde 

      Vance, A. K.; Taylor, J. P.; Hewison, T. J.; Elms, J. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Results are presented from the Measurement of Tropospheric Humidity (MOTH) Tropic and MOTH Arctic airborne field experiments, comparing a number of in situ humidity measurements. Good agreement is shown between the Total ...

    • Spectrum Width Measured by WSR-88D: Error Sources and Statistics of Various Weather Phenomena 

      Fang, Ming; Doviak, Richard J.; Melnikov, Valery (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Spectrum widths, one of the three moments measured and displayed by the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), are categorized for various weather conditions showing both expected and unexpected results. Weather ...

    • Laboratory Studies and Numerical Simulations of Cloud Droplet Formation under Realistic Supersaturation Conditions 

      Stratmann, F.; Kiselev, A.; Wurzler, S.; Wendisch, M.; Heintzenberg, J.; Charlson, R. J.; Diehl, K.; Wex, H.; Schmidt, S. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      In this paper, a new device is introduced to study the formation and growth of cloud droplets under near-atmospheric supersaturations. The new device, called the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS), is based ...

    • Remote Sensing of Liquid Water and Ice Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Radius in the Arctic: Application of Airborne Multispectral MAS Data 

      King, Michael D.; Platnick, Steven; Yang, Ping; Arnold, G. Thomas; Gray, Mark A.; Riedi, Jérôme C.; Ackerman, Steven A.; Liou, Kuo-Nan (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A multispectral scanning spectrometer was used to obtain measurements of the bidirectional reflectance and brightness temperature of clouds, sea ice, snow, and tundra surfaces at 50 discrete wavelengths between 0.47 and ...

    • A Concept for a Gas-Filter Correlation Radiometer to Remotely Sense the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Column from Space 

      Tolton, Boyd T. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Concern about the climatic effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO2 has resulted in a growing need, both scientifically and politically, to monitor atmospheric CO2. The development of a satellite instrument that could ...

    • Temperature, Humidity, and Pressure Response of Radiosondes at Low Temperatures 

      Hudson, Stephen R.; Town, Michael S.; Walden, Von P.; Warren, Stephen G. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The response of radiosondes to an instantaneous change of environment was studied by taking the instruments from a warm building into the cold environment at South Pole Station. After being initialized inside, the radiosondes ...

    • Influence of Air Bubbles in Seawater on the Formation of Lidar Returns 

      Krekova, M. M.; Krekov, G. M.; Shamanaev, V. S. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Air bubbles arising in water under the action of wind-driven sea waves or as a result of the vital activity of pelagic microorganisms and concentrated in the subsurface water layer change the optical properties of seawater. ...

    • The Resolving Power of a Single Exact-Repeat Altimetric Satellite or a Coordinated Constellation of Satellites 

      Tai, Chang-Kou (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      It is proved that the midpoint grid, which is composed of samples obtained at ground track locations midway between crossover points (thus a subset of the full sampling), has the same resolving power as the full set; that ...

    • Lagrangian Estimates of Diapycnal Mixing in a Simulated K–H Instability 

      D'Asaro, Eric A.; Winters, Kraig B.; Lien, Ren Chieh (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The Lagrangian properties of a high-resolution, three-dimensional, direct numerical simulation of Kelvin? Helmholtz (K?H) instability are examined with the goal of assessing the ability of Lagrangian measurements to determine ...