Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3441-3460 of 5084
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Ice Crystal Replication with Common Plastic Solutions
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)Use of common plastics, i.e., polystyrene, Plexiglas (polymethyl methacrylate) and Lexan (polycarbonate), was investigated for ice crystal replication. The results suggest that all common plastics tested are usable for ice ... -
The Influence of Cloud Droplets on the Measurement of Ice Particle Concentrations with a Particle Measuring System's 2DC Optical Array Probe
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)The Particle Measuring System's 2DC optical array probe has been used as a primary instrument to measure ice particle concentrations since its introduction in 1976. In certain mixed-phase clouds containing cloud droplets ... -
Comparison of Towed Conductivity Sensor Performance
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)Electrical conductivity sensors are often used to obtain measurements of small-scale fluctuations, or microstructure, in the ocean. In applications on towed instrument packages, they provide the only way to estimate ... -
Rain Measurement by Raingage-Radar Combination: A Geostatistical Approach
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)A geostatistical approach to areal rainfall estimation using raingage and radar measurements is described. The so-called cokriging method is used to obtain a linear estimator of ground-level rainfall depths by combining ... -
Aircraft Measurement of Mesoscale Pressure Gradients and Ageostrophic Winds
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)Determination of the horizontal pressure gradient force over distance scales less than 100 km is possible using airborne altimetry and detailed maps of the underlying terrain. To detect the very small isobaric slopes, ... -
A New Concept for the In-flight Calibration of Large-Aperture Satellite IR Radiometers with Respect to METEOSAT
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)Past investigations by several authors have shown that in-flight calibrations should of necessity include not only the detectors but also the complete optical system of satellite scanning radiometers. Based on calibrations ... -
First-Guess Dependence of a Physically Based Set of Temperature–Humidity Retrievals from HIRS2/MSU Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)The first-guess dependence of temperature and humidity fields retrieved from HIRS2/MSU data using the GLA (Goddard laboratory for Atmospheres) physically based retrieval scheme is examined. Retrievals were performed over ... -
VHF Doppler Radar Determination of the Momentum Flux in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere: Comparison between the Three- and Four-Beam Methods
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)The vertical flux of horizontal momentum in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere can be measured by VHF Doppler radars using the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar technique. Two methods have been used: ... -
Results of a Joint NOAA/NASA Sounder Simulation Study
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)NOAA and NASA have conducted a joint simulation study to compare the retrieval accuracy of atmospheric temperature profiles and surface skin temperature retrieved from HIRS2, the current operational infrared temperature ... -
The Effect of Nonlinear Dynamic Sensor Response on Measured Means
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)Few sensors have perfectly linear dynamic response. Because the atmosphere is inherently turbulent, nonlinear sensor response can lead to errors in measured means. We discuss a technique for estimating this error for both ... -
The Cartesian Diver: A Self-Profiling Lagrangian Velocity Recorder
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)The Cartesian diver is an autonomous velocity profiler capable of operating to 1 km depth in the ocean. It has a self-controlled buoyancy changer which is used to control the direction of profiling. The buoyancy changer ... -
A Triple-Path Denuder Instrument for Ambient Particulate Sampling and Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 1988)A field instrument for sampling sulfate and nitrate particulate matter in a controlled chemical environment has been constructed and field tested. The instrument contains HNO3 and NH3 denuders and an ambient air path, all ... -
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Comparison of Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and Moored Current Measurements in the Equatorial Pacific
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Depth-averaged current shears computed from shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and moored Savonius rotor and vane vector-averaging current meter (VACM) measurements are compared at 35, 62.5, 100 and 140 m ... -
A “Cloud Gun” Primer
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The cloud gun is a direct-impaction instrument for determining cloud droplet size distributions and number concentrations. The instrument was designed for airborne use. Procedures are detailed for operating the instrument ... -
A Test of Commercial Humidity Sensors for Use at Automatic Weather Stations
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Laboratory tests of eight different sensors based on five different principles were performed at relative humidities between 20% and 100% and temperatures between ?20° and +25°C. Four sensors did not perform satisfactorily ... -
Comparative Performance of Two Reversing Bowen Ratio Measurement Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)This paper reports on the results of a comparative experiment between two Bowen ratio measurement systems conducted at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Chalk River, Ontario, in 1985. Both systems interchange the ... -
Satellite Thermal Infrared and Inverted Echo Sounder Determinations of the Gulf Stream Northern Edge
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The northern edge of the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina was located in 155 AVHRR-derived maps of sea surface temperature (SST) using five different methods. One method was subjective location of the northern ... -
Optical Observations of Lightning from a High-Altitude Airplane
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Lightning has been observed from above cloud top by using satellites, balloons, rockets, and high-altitude airplanes, each of which provides a unique perspective and holds the potential for gaining new understanding of ... -
Wind Errors Using the Worldwide Loran Network
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)It has been known that the Loran (Long Range Navigation) system can accurately provide a finescale structure of winds. However, this capability could not be widely adopted because of the limited coverage of this system in ...