Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions

Now showing items 3321-3340 of 5084

    • Minisodar Measurements of Rain 

      Coulter, R. L.; Martin, T. J.; Weckwerth, T. M. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      Measurements of raindrop fall velocity spectra have been made with a minisodar. Amplitude calibration of the system enables the calculation of drop size parameters such as number density, water density, and surface area ...

    • Validation of the Upper Tropospheric Relative Humidity Determined from METEOSAT Data 

      Turpeinen, Olli M.; Schmetz, Johannes (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      The purpose of this note is to ?validate? the upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) operationally extracted from the 6.3 ?m channel data of METEOSAT. The validation is carded out by comparing the satellite data with observed ...

    • Design Issues in Nearly Real-Time Meteorological-Data Systems at Local Sites 

      Huffman, George J.; Cooper, James N. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      A scheme developed at the University of Maryland is described to illustrate the high-level design decisions which must be made in order to fully utilize the asynchronous character-oriented data transmitted over the Domestic ...

    • Correcting Wind Speed Measurements for Site Obstructions 

      Wolfson, Marilyn M.; Fujita, T. Theodore (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      The effects of obstructions on winds measured by the 30 station FLOWS (FAA-Lincoln Laboratory Operational Weather Studies) mesonet and the 6 station FAA LLWAS (Low Level Wind Shear Alèrt System) near Memphis, TN in 1985 ...

    • Field Calibration of Mixed-Layer Drifters 

      Geyer, W. Rockwell (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      A set of field experiments was conducted to determine the water-following characteristics of mixed-layer drifters with ?holey-sock? drogues. Through the use of a drifting current meter array, direct estimates of slip ...

    • Comparison of Equatorial Winds as Measured by Cup and Propeller Anemometers 

      Freitag, H. Paul; McPhaden, Michael J.; Shepherd, Andrew J. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      This study compares the performance of cup vs. propeller anemometers from surface-following taut-line moorings in the equatorial Pacific. Vector wind components at 4 m above the sea surface were measured from a mooring ...

    • The FLOWS Automatic Weather Station Network 

      Wolfson, Marilyn M. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      This report describes in detail the FLOWS (FAA-Lincoln Laboratory Operational Weather Studies) automatic weather station network which is being used in the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar program to assess the radar ...

    • Use of Holography for Airborne Cloud Physics Measurements 

      Brown, Philip R. A. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      The use of the holographic cloud particle imaging system developed by the Cloud Physics Branch of the Meteorological Office and carried on the C-130 Hercules aircraft of the Meteorological Research Flight (MRF) has hitherto ...

    • Two-Wavelength Method of Measuring Path-Averaged Turbulent Surface Heat Fluxes 

      Andreas, Edgar L. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      Because few geophysical surfaces are horizontally homogeneous, point measurements of the turbulent surface fluxes can be unrepresentative. Path-averaging techniques are therefore desirable. This paper presents a method ...

    • Direct Measurements of Current Shear in the Tropical Pacific Ocean and Its Effect on Drift Buoy Performance 

      Bitterman, David S.; Hansen, Donald V. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      Measurements of ocean surface currents derived from drift buoy trajectories are subject to errors caused by slippage of the buoy relative to the surrounding water. This slippage error is caused by a number of forces acting ...

    • Precipitation Retrieval over Land and Ocean with the SSM/I: Identification and Characteristics of the Scattering Signal 

      Spencer, Roy W.; Goodman, H. Michael; Hood, Robbie E. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      The subject of this study is the identification of precipitation in warm and cold land and ocean environments from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) Special Sensor Micmwave/Imager (SSM/I). The high ...

    • A Numerical Study of the Effect of Upper-Ocean Shear on Flexible Drogued Drifters 

      Chereskin, T. K.; Niiler, P. P.; Poulain, P. M. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      The shape and slip of freely drifting, two-dimensional, flexible weighted drogues tethered to a surface buoy in a specified upper-ocean velocity profile are examined numerically. A simple analytic solution for a drogue in ...

    • Errors in the Determination of Wind Speed by Doppler Radar 

      May, Peter Thomas; Sato, Toru; Yamamoto, Mamoru; Kato, Susumu; Tsuda, Toshitaka; Fukao, Shoichiro (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      A numerical model to simulate radar data is used for testing various estimators of the Doppler shift in Doppler radar echoes. Five estimators for the Doppler shift are considered: the pulse pair and poly-pulse pair algorithms ...

    • Pilot Study of Methods to Decrease Measurement Errors of Tropospheric Inversions by Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry 

      Miller, Patricia A.; Falls, Michael J. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      Results of radiometer temperature profile simulations are analyzed in order to examine the hypothesis that knowledge of temperature inversion parameters obtained from other instruments would substantially improve the ...

    • A Forecasting/Nowcasting System for Remote Field Locations 

      Ochs, Harry T.; Kidder, Stanley Q. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      Vast quantities of frequently updated weather data for both forecasting and nowcasting are generally required in meteorological field programs. The continuing synthesis of this data to suit specific operations is best ...

    • Mobile, High-Wind, Balloon-Launching Apparatus 

      Rust, W. David; Marshall, Thomas C. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      In order to place instruments for measuring meteorological and electrical parameters into thunderstorms, we developed an inexpensive apparatus that allows us to inflate, transport, and launch balloons in high winds. The ...

    • A Comparison of Two Sonic Anemometers and Fast-Response Thermometers 

      Gaynor, John E.; Biltoft, Christopher A. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      In an experiment conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO), comparisons were made between two types of sonic anemometer and thermometer systems. One sonic anemometer was a single-axis system manufactured by ...

    • A Comparison of Philips RS4 and Väisälä RS80 Radiosonde Data 

      Uddstrom, Michael J. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      The paper describes the results of an experiment where, for a series of flights, Philips RS4 and Väisälä RS80 radiosondes were mounted on the same balloon. It is shown that there are both random and systematic differences ...

    • A Micrometeorological Facility for Eddy Flux Measurements of CO2 and H2O 

      Chahuneau, F.; Desjardins, R. L.; Verdon, R.; Brach, E. (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      A ground-based eddy flux system which is used to measure the CO2 and H2O exchange between the atmosphere and the biosphere is described. Fluctuations of CO2, H2O, air temperature and atmospheric turbulence are sampled at ...

    • Application of an Apple-II Computer in Real-Time Data Processing of Microwave Radiation Attenuation by Rain 

      Qian, Song (American Meteorological Society, 1989)
      Using an Apple-II microcomputer, real-time data acquisition, processing, staring and display of 12 GHz microwave radiation attenuation by rain have been implemented. The computer-radiometer interface consists of an address ...