Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3261-3280 of 5084
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Formalism for Comparing Rain Estimation Designs
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Space-time averages of rain rates are needed in several applications. Nevertheless, they are difficult to estimate because the methods invariably leave gaps in the measurements in space or time. A formalism is developed ... -
Vibration of Tethered Microstructure Profilers
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Although loosely tethered turbulence profilers have many advantages, they are prone to resonant vibrations at frequencies in the dissipation range when they are falling rapidly or when the tether is strummed. Using the ... -
Laboratory and Wind Tunnel Evaluations of the Rosemount Icing Detector
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The Rosemount model 871FA ice detector was evaluated during a number of laboratory and wind tunnel studies. The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the sensitivity of the detector to a variety of icing conditions ... -
Laboratory Calibration of a Vibrating Wire Device for Measuring Concentrations of Supercooled Liquid Water
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Laboratory measurements of supercooled liquid water are made by a vibrating-wire sensor whose frequency of vibration varies according to the mass of ice collected on it. The vibrating-wire system is designed to be placed ... -
An Optical Device for the Measurement of Droplet Size Spectra in Calm or Low Wind Conditions
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)An instrument for measuring the size and concentration of droplets is described. It has the ability to function in calm and low wind conditions. Droplets in the 5?50 ?m diameter range are detected optically. The data ... -
Polarization Radar Estimates of Raindrop Size Spectra and Rainfall Rates
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The differential reflectivity (ZDR) measures the mean shape of hydrometeors and provides an estimate of the mean size of raindrops Observations of ZDR for rain may be combined with the conventional radar reflectivity factor ... -
The Spaced Antenna Technique for Radar Wind Profiling
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The Doppler method for radar wind profiling of the troposphere and stratosphere has been the standard technique used for operational and most research applications of the instrumentation. An alternative approach for measuring ... -
The Interpretation and Meteorological Application of Radar Backscatter Amplitude Ratios at Linear Polarizations
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Backscatter amplitude ratios are defined for horizontal and vertical polarizations. These new parameters of linear polarization provide not only a coherent interpretation of the magnitude of the cross-correlation function ... -
Sampling Characteristics of Satellite Orbits
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The irregular space-time sampling of any finite region by an orbiting satellite raises difficult questions as to which frequencies and wavenumbers can be determined and which will alias into others. Conventional sampling ... -
Modulation of the Spectra of Short Gravity Waves by Sea Surface Films: Slick Detection and Characterization with a Microwave Probe
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Organic sea surface films are often indicators of surface and subsurface processes that influence their formation and their spatial and temporal distribution. The films modify the physics of the sea surface and influence ... -
Comparison between Nimbus-7 SMMR and ECMWF Model Analyses: The Problem of the Surface Latent Heat Flux
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Nimbus-7 SMMR data of sea surface temperature, surface wind and precipitable water are compared to the ECMWF model daily analyzes for the first Special Observing Period of the FGGE Period (January-February 1979). The ... -
A Method for Calibrating Shipmounted Acoustic Doppler Profilers and the Limitations of Gyro Compasses
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Calibration of shipmounted acoustic Doppler profiles by a series of 90° turns during periods of GPS navigation provides estimates of misalignment angle φ and scaling factor A with standard deviations less than 0.2° and ... -
On the Sounding Range of a 1-m Wavelength Radio Acoustic Sounder
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The sounding range of a RASS (Radio Acoustic Sounding System) for remote measurement of the atmospheric thermal profile is determined both by the structural peculiarities of the system (wavelength, size of antennas, acoustic ... -
Number of Nonredundant Frequencies for Ground-Based Microwave Radiometric Temperature Profiling
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The information content of ground-based measurements of atmospheric microwave radiance in the 50?60 GHz band was studied, using a formulation due to Twomey. Weighting functions for ground-based microwave radiometry were ... -
Design Considerations for a Network of Thermodynamic Profilers
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)A modular design for a ground-based thermodynamic profiler is presented, based on experience with a six-channel microwave radiometer that has provided temperature, pressure, and moisture measurements continuously, unattended, ... -
DIAL Tropospheric Ozone Measurement Using a Nd:YAG Laser and the Raman Shifting Technique
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) offers a way to perform ozone measurements in the troposphere with the spatial and temporal resolutions needed for both short and long term studies. Only a few DIAL system have been ... -
Analysis of Airborne Doppler Lidar Measurements of the Extended California Sea Breeze
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)The analysis of airborne Doppler lidar data taken by NASA near the top of the planetary boundary layer in the central valley of California is presented. These data include downward wan angles that intercept the ground. The ... -
Doppler Lidar Measurement of Profiles of Turbulence and Momentum Flux
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)A short-pulse CO2 Doppler lidar with 150-m range resolution measured vertical profiles of turbulence and momentum flux. Example measurements are reported of a daytime mixed layer with strong mechanical mixing caused by a ... -
Studies of Precipitation Processes in the Troposphere Using an FM-CW Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)In the field of FM-CW tropospheric radar, new breakthroughs have become possible due to progress in FM-CW radar hardware, in FM-CW radar signal processing and in the availability of the Doppler polarimetric FM-CW radar ... -
Intercomparison of Wind Measurements from Two Acoustic Doppler Sodars, a Laser Doppler Lidar, and In Situ Sensors
(American Meteorological Society, 1989)Intercomparative measurements of wind speed, wind direction, wind direction standard deviation, and vertical wind standard deviation from two acoustic Doppler sodars and a laser Doppler lidar are studied, using the BAO ...