Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3201-3220 of 5084
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Computer-Controlled Automated Rain Sampler (CCARS) for Rainfall Measurement and Sequential Sampling
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)The Computer-Controlled Automated Rain Sampler (CCARS) is a combination rain gage and sequential sampler for precipitation chemistry measurements. The primary objectives of the design are low cost, versatility of operational ... -
The Meteorological Measurement System on the NASA ER-2 Aircraft
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)A Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) was designed and installed on one of the NASA high-altitude ER-2 aircraft (NASA 706). The MMS provides in situ measurements of free-stream pressure (±0.3 mb), temperature (±0.3°C), ... -
On the Use of Satellites in Molniya Orbits for Meteorological Observation of Middle and High Latitudes
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)Time and space sampling is an increasingly critical aspect of Earth observation satellites. The highly eccentric orbit used by Soviet Molniya satellites functions much like a high-latitude geostationary orbit. Meteorological ... -
An Accurate Fast Response Temperature System Using Thermocouples
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)An accurate and fuss response thermocouple-based temperature system has been developed for use in the atmospheric surface layer. The absolute accuracy is better than ±0.01°C and the relative accuracy between thermocouples ... -
A Comparison of Temperature Soundings Obtained from Simultaneous Radiometric, Radio-Acoustic, and Rawinsonde Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)Atmospheric temperature soundings retrieved from a radio-acoustic sounding system (RASS), a six-channel microwave radiometer system, and a combined RASS/radiometer system during two seasons at Denver, Colorado, are compared. ... -
Performance of Some Airborne Thermometers in Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)The ability of airborne instruments to measure temperature in cloud is studied using theoretical analyses and experimental data. Theoretical predictions of the effects of sensor wetting are reviewed and modified, and are ... -
Attenuation and Scattering of Millimeter Wavelength Radiation by Clouds and Precipitation
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)This article is concerned with investigations of scattering and absorption of 35, 94, 140, and 240 GHz radiation by clouds and precipitation. The computations of radar reflectivity, Doppler spectra, and absorption coefficients ... -
Coupling of Horizontal, Vertical, and Temporal Resolving Power of a Satellite Temperature Sounder
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)Satellite sensor optical systems now provide scan spots that are reasonably small and closely spaced compared with the horizontal scales of atmospheric variability that meteorologists might like to infer. Furthermore, ... -
Inertial-Dissipation Air-Sea Flux Measurements: A Prototype System Using Realtime Spectral Computations
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)A prototype system for the measurement and computation of air?sea fluxes in realtime was tested in the Humidity Exchange Over the Sea (HEXOS) main experiment, HEXMAX. The system used a sonic anemometer/thermometer for wind ... -
Air Flow and Particle Trajectories around Aircraft Fuselages. I: Theory
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)A potential-flow sink-source technique is used to model the flows around fuselage shapes. It is shown that the flow in any plane can be approximated reasonably well using an axisymmetric model of similar shape and that at ... -
Degradation Rates of the AVHRR Visible Channel for the NOAA 6, 7, and 9 Spacecraft
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)AVHRR channel 1 (0.57?0.69 µm) degradations were determined by comparing desert models with 68 months of observations of the Libyan Desert (20° to 30°N, 201 to 30°E). The comparisons revealed that the degradation rates ... -
Aircraft Microwave Observations and Simulations of Deep Convection from 18 to 183 GHz. Part II: Model Results
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)In Part II of the 29 June 1986 case study, a radiative transfer model is used to simulate the aircraft multichannel microwave brightness temperatures presented in Part I and to study the convective storm structure. ... -
Aircraft Microwave Observations and Simulations of Deep Convection from 18 to 183 GHz. Part I: Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)Aircraft passive microwave observations of deep atmospheric convection at frequencies between 18 and 183 GHz are presented in conjunction with visible and infrared satellite and aircraft observations and ground-based radar ... -
Operational Altimeter-Derived Oceanographic Information: The NORDA GEOSAT Ocean Applications Program
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)The U.S. Navy's GEOSAT active microwave altimeter provides detailed oceanographic and atmospheric information. It measures global oceanic wind speeds and significant wave height, sea ice edge in the polar regions, and ... -
Flux Measurement with Conditional Sampling
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)A method is proposed to measure scalar fluxes using conditional sampling. Only the mean concentrations of updraft and downdraft samples, the standard deviation of the vertical velocity, and a coefficient of proportionality, ... -
Adaptive Technique for Eliminating Motion Contamination from Towed Temperature Arrays
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)An Ocean Slope-Displacement Estimator (OSDE) was previously constructed, which estimates the slopes of isotherm displacements from towed thermistor array data. This estimator minimized the problems associated with finestructure ... -
A Review of Cooperative Temperature Data Validation
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)The network of about 5600 cooperative stations in the United States provides the baseline temperature data upon which most climatologies are based. Since the data serve between 40 000 and 50 000 primary users each year, ... -
Profiler Measurements of Vertical Velocity Fluctuations in the Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)A method is described for measuring the vertical component of velocity fluctuations due to three-dimensional turbulence in the ocean from a freely falling microstructure profiler. The dynamic pressure measurement relies ... -
STEP—A Temperature Profiler for Measuring the Oceanic Thermal Boundary Layer at the Ocean–Air Interface
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)A fast measuring system has been designed and built to determine the oceanic thermal microstructure at the ocean?air interface. The system consists of a profiler sonde, which amends through the uppermost few meters of the ... -
A Small, Low Flow, High Sensitivity Reaction Vessel for NO Chemiluminescence Detectors
(American Meteorological Society, 1990)Details of a reaction vessel suitable for atmospheric measurements of nitric oxide at parts per trillion mixing ratios using the chemiluminescent reaction with ozone are provided. It is designed to operate at an ambient ...