Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3141-3160 of 5084
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Deep-Ocean Bottom Pressure Measurements in the Northeast Pacific
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Pressure transducers with quartz-crystal resonators are being used to measure deep-ocean bottom pressure in the northeast Pacific as part of a long-term monitoring program. In principal, instrument sensitivity is less than ... -
Aircraft Multifrequency Passive Microwave Observations of Light Precipitation over the Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Aircraft passive microwave observations at 18, 37, 92, and 183 GHz of light oceanic precipitation are studied in conjunction with visible and infrared observations and ground-based radar data. Microwave signatures for ... -
Radar Receiver Transfer Function Estimate from Correlated Meteorological Echoes
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)The precise and continuous calibration of a radar is an important task for maintaining the accuracy of radar measurements. The calibration of radar receiver transfer function slope can be performed using bias measurements ... -
The Time-Varying Calibration of an Airborne Lyman-α Hygrometer
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Calibration of an airborne Lyman-α hygrometer against simultaneous measurements of humidity from a dewpoint hygrometer shows that Lyman-α biases drift with time. Analyses of low-level flight data from four days during the ... -
The Use of Microprocessor Technology for the Conditional Sampling of Intermittent Ocean Processes
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)Geophysical signals are often intermittent, having statistics which vary with time. Optimal sampling of these signals requires a so-called ?conditional sampling? scheme, a technique which changes the sampling program to ... -
Nowcasting Cross-Stream Profiles of Ocean Surface Current in the Straits of Florida
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Cross-stream profiles of ocean surface currents between Florida and the Bahamas are highly correlated with the cross-stream-averaged current. When the cross-stream averaged speed is high, the speed axis of the Florida ... -
Biasing of the Covariance-Based Spectral Mean Estimator in the Presence of Band-Limited Noise
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Estimation of spectral mean frequency (spectral first moment) by the variance technique is considered for a signal process contaminated by band limited, additive noise. It is shown that the covariance-based spectral mean ... -
Use of Rotating Pinholes and Reticles for Calibration of Cloud Droplet Instrumentation
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Calibration devices for the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) and the Optical Array Probe (OAP) were developed. The device used with the FSSP is a rotating pinhole calibrator. It utilizes light diffracted by a ... -
Complete Polarimetric and Doppler Measurements with a Single Receiver Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)The concept of the polarimetric scattering matrix applicable to hydrometeors is reviewed to indicate the total number of measurands that is possible from a radar system with two orthogonal linear polarizations. It is shown ... -
Determination of Precipitation Profiles from Airborne Passive Microwave Radiometric Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)This study presents the first quantitative retrievals of vertical profiles of precipitation derived from multispectral passive microwave radiometry. Measurements of microwave brightness temperature (Tb) obtained by a NASA ... -
Ground-Based Measurements of Raindrop Fallspeeds
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Typical results of field measurements of the fallspeeds of natural raindrops are presented and instrumental effects investigated by numerically simulating the measurement processes. Deviations between the measured fallspeeds ... -
Retrieval of Monthly Rainfall Indices from Microwave Radiometric Measurements Using Probability Distribution Functions
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)An algorithm for the estimation of monthly rain totals for 5° cells over the oceans from histograms of SSM/I brightness temperatures has been developed. Them are three novel features to this algorithm. First, it uses ... -
Error in Measurements of Incoming Shortwave Radiation Made from Ships and Buoys
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Errors in shortwave solar radiation measurements resulting from mean tils and rocking motions, as well as from the response time of the sensors, are determined experimentally. The magnitude of the mean tilt error can be ... -
Effects of Spatial Sampling of Satellite Data on Derived Surface Solar Irradiance
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)The usefulness of satellites in climate research is primarily due to the ability to produce global, uniformly distributed, long term records of observations. To achieve efficiency in storing, there is a need to compromise ... -
On the Single-Doppler Measurements of Divergence in Clear Air
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)The relationship between convective scales in the pre-storm environment and Doppler measurements of divergence is discussed with attention to problems inherent in radar measurements. A method is suggested to minimize the ... -
Decontamination of Wind Measurements from Buoys Subject to Motions in a Seaway
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)The motions of buoys in a seaway produce velocities at onboard anemometers that contaminate the measurements of wind, which typically is a severe problem for small, easily deplorable buoys. The severity of this problem is ... -
Use of the Inertial Dissipation Method for Calculating Turbulent Fluxes from Low-Level Airborne Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Airborne measurements are currently used for computing turbulence fluxes of heat and momentum. The method generally used is the eddy correlation technique, which requires sophisticated equipments to calculate the absolute ... -
Effects of Airflow Trajectories Around Aircraft on Measurements of Scalar Fluxes
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Potential-flow calculations of the airflow around two research aircraft are used to estimate the effect of flow distortion on measured fluxes of sensible heat and water vapor. From the calculated flow patterns, flow-distortion ... -
An Application of Kalman Filtering to Airborne Wind Measurement
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Airborne wind measurement techniques currently being used onboard the National Aeronautical Establishment (NAE) Twin Otter Atmospheric Research Aircraft are described and their fundamental limitations are discussed. In ... -
A Three-Aircraft Intercomparison of Two Types of Air Motion Measurement Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)We present procedures to evaluate air motion measurements on two or more aircraft by flying them in formation at a known lateral displacement. The analysis is applied to two formation flights involving three aircraft?the ...