Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3061-3080 of 5084
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Feature Extraction from Whole-Sky Ground-Based Images for Cloud-Type Recognition
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Several features that can be extracted from digital images of the sky and that can be useful for cloud-type classification of such images are presented. Some features are statistical measurements of image texture, some are ... -
Simulated Doppler Radar Observations of Inhomogeneous Clouds: Application to the EarthCARE Space Mission
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A new simulation technique for spaceborne Doppler radar observations that was developed specifically for inhomogeneous targets is presented. Cloud inhomogeneity affects Doppler observations in two ways. First, line-of-sight ... -
A Refined Calibration Procedure of Two-Channel Sun Photometers to Measure Atmospheric Precipitable Water at Various Antarctic Sites
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Two-channel sun photometers can be easily employed at Antarctic sites, where harsh environmental conditions prevail, to carry out measurements of precipitable water W. In the very dry air conditions observed in the Antarctic ... -
Evaluation of Ultrasonic Snow Depth Sensors for U.S. Snow Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Ultrasonic snow depth sensors are examined as a low cost, automated method to perform traditional snow measurements. In collaboration with the National Weather Service, nine sites across the United States were equipped ... -
Detection of Fog and Low Cloud Boundaries with Ground-Based Remote Sensing Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The performance of the boundary determination of fog and low stratiform cloud layers with data from a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) cloud radar and a Vaisala ceilometer is assessed. During wintertime stable ... -
An Atmospheric Soliton Observed with Doppler Radar, Differential Absorption Lidar, and a Molecular Doppler Lidar
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Airborne Leandre II differential absorption lidar (DIAL), S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol), and Goddard Lidar Observatory for Winds (GLOW) Doppler lidar data are used, in conjunction with surface mesonet and ... -
A Technique for the Automatic Detection of Insect Clutter in Cloud Radar Returns
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program operates 35-GHz millimeter-wavelength cloud radars (MMCRs) in several climatologically distinct regions. The MMCRs, which are centerpiece ... -
Application of Aerosondes to Melt-Pond Observations over Arctic Sea Ice
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Continuous observation of sea ice using a small robotic aircraft called the Aerosonde was made over the Arctic Ocean from Barrow, Alaska, on 20?21 July 2003. Over a region located 350 km off the coast of Barrow, images ... -
Stratéole/Vorcore—Long-duration, Superpressure Balloons to Study the Antarctic Lower Stratosphere during the 2005 Winter
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)In September and October 2005, the Stratéole/Vorcore campaign flew 27 superpressure balloons from McMurdo, Antarctica, into the stratospheric polar vortex. Long-duration flights were successfully achieved, 16 of those ... -
Microprocessor Field Impactometer Calibration: Do We Measure Drops’ Momentum or Their Kinetic Energy?
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)This study presents the construction and calibration of a low-cost piezoelectric microprocessor impactometer designed for the field measurements of the rainfall kinetic energy (KE) flux. Its precise calibration was performed ... -
Evaluating the Effects of Height-Variable Reflectivity and Antenna Sidelobes on the Radar Equation
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Using radar observations to quantify precipitation intensity requires the intervention of the radar equation, which converts the precipitation signal into reflectivity units. This equation generally assumes that the ... -
A New Technique to Categorize and Retrieve the Microphysical Properties of Ice Particles above the Melting Layer Using Radar Dual-Polarization Spectral Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)In this study, a dual-polarization spectral analysis for retrieval of microphysical properties of ice hydrometeors is developed. It is shown that, by using simultaneous Doppler polarimetric observations taken at a 45° ... -
Application of the Kano–Hamilton Multiangle Inversion Method in Clear Atmospheres
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)An improved measurement methodology and a data-processing technique for multiangle data obtained with an elastic scanning lidar in clear atmospheres are introduced. Azimuthal and slope scans are combined to reduce the ... -
Divergence and Vorticity from Aircraft Air Motion Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)This paper considers the accuracy of divergence estimates obtained from aircraft measurements of the horizontal velocity field and points out an error that appears in these estimates that has heretofore not been addressed. ... -
Comparison of Advanced Radar Polarimetric Techniques for Operational Attenuation Correction at C Band
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Rain path attenuation correction is a challenging task for quantitative use of weather radar measurements at frequencies higher than S band. The proportionality relationship between specific attenuation αhh (specific ... -
Use of a Radar Simulator on the Output Fields from a Numerical Mesoscale Model to Analyze X-Band Rain Estimators
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A full radar simulator, which works with the 3D output fields from a numerical mesoscale model, has been developed. This simulator uses a T-matrix code to calculate synthetic radar measurements, accounts for both backscattering ... -
Comparative Studies for the Assessment of the Quality of Near-Real-Time GPS-Derived Atmospheric Parameters
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Accurate and frequent sampling of atmospheric parameters, such as water vapor, is important for enabling reliable weather forecasts and global climate studies over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Recent ... -
A Parametric Time Domain Method for Spectral Moment Estimation and Clutter Mitigation for Weather Radars
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A parametric time domain method (PTDM) for clutter mitigation and precipitation spectral moments? estimation for weather radars is introduced. Use of PTDM allows for the simultaneous estimation of clutter and precipitation ... -
Characterization of Tornado Spectral Signatures Using Higher-Order Spectra
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Distinct tornado spectral signatures (TSSs), which are similar to white noise spectra or have bimodal features, have been observed in both simulations and real data from Doppler radars. The shape of the tornado spectrum ... -
The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Surface soil moisture plays an important role in the dynamics of land?atmosphere interactions and many current and upcoming models and satellite sensors. In situ data will be required to provide calibration and validation ...