Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions

Now showing items 2281-2300 of 5084

    • Attenuation-Based Estimates of Rainfall Rates Aloft with Vertically Pointing Ka-Band Radars 

      Matrosov, Sergey Y. (American Meteorological Society, 2005)
      An approach is suggested to retrieve low-resolution rainfall rate profiles and layer-averaged rainfall rates, Ra, from radar reflectivity measurements made by vertically pointing Ka-band radars. This approach is based on ...

    • Evaluation of Wind Vectors Measured by a Bistatic Doppler Radar Network 

      Friedrich, Katja; Hagen, Martin (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      By installing and linking additional receivers to a monostatic Doppler radar, several wind components can be measured and combined into a wind vector field. Such a bistatic Doppler radar network was developed in 1993 by ...

    • Sea Surface Height Predictions from the Global Navy Coastal Ocean Model during 1998–2001 

      Barron, Charlie N.; Birol Kara, A.; Hurlburt, Harley E.; Rowley, C.; Smedstad, Lucy F. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A ?° global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), operational at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), is used for prediction of sea surface height (SSH) on daily and monthly time scales during 1998?2001. ...

    • The Dispersion Relation of Short Wind Waves from Space–Time Wave Measurements 

      Wang, David W.; Hwang, Paul A. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      To study the dispersion relation of short wind waves, a linear wave gauge array (WGA) is configured and mounted on a wave-following buoy to conduct in situ space?time measurements of short gravity waves. Results from two ...

    • Minimizing Instrumental Broadening of the Drop Size Distribution with the M-Fast-FSSP 

      Schmidt, Sebastian; Lehmann, Katrin; Wendisch, Manfred (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A modified version of the Fast-FSSP (the so-called M-Fast-FSSP) is introduced. It allows minimization of the instrumental broadening of measured cloud drop size distributions caused by laser beam inhomogeneities. This is ...

    • The Residual GEM Technique and Its Application to the Southwestern Japan/East Sea 

      Mitchell, D. A.; Wimbush, M.; Watts, D. R.; Teague, W. J. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The standard gravest empirical mode (GEM) technique for utilizing hydrography in concert with integral ocean measurements performs poorly in the southwestern Japan/East Sea (JES) because of a spatially variable seasonal ...

    • Improving Wind Profiler–Measured Winds Using Coplanar Spectral Averaging 

      Schafer, Robert; Avery, Susan K.; Gage, Kenneth S.; Johnston, Paul E.; Carter, D. A. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A method is presented that increases the detectability of weak clear-air signals by averaging Doppler spectra from coplanar wind profiler beams. The method, called coplanar spectral averaging (CSA), is applied to both ...

    • An Axial-Flow Cyclone for Aircraft-Based Cloud Water Sampling 

      Straub, Derek J.; Collett, Jeffrey L. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A new aircraft-based cloud water collection system has been developed to provide samples of cloud water for chemical analysis. The collection system makes use of centrifugal separation in an axial-flow cyclone to remove ...

    • Retrieval of Sea Surface Temperature from Space, Based on Modeling of Infrared Radiative Transfer: Capabilities and Limitations 

      Merchant, Christopher J.; Le Borgne, Pierre (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The retrieval (estimation) of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from space-based infrared observations is increasingly performed using retrieval coefficients derived from radiative transfer simulations of top-of-atmosphere ...

    • Cloud Ice Crystal Classification Using a 95-GHz Polarimetric Radar 

      Aydin, K.; Singh, J. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Two algorithms are presented for ice crystal classification using 95-GHz polarimetric radar observables and air temperature (T). Both are based on a fuzzy logic scheme. Ice crystals are classified as columnar crystals (CC), ...

    • Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. Part II: Instrument Performance 

      Knuteson, R. O.; Revercomb, H. E.; Best, F. A.; Ciganovich, N. C.; Dedecker, R. G.; Dirkx, T. P.; Ellington, S. C.; Feltz, W. F.; Garcia, R. K.; Howell, H. B.; Smith, W. L.; Short, J. F.; Tobin, D. C. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) instrument was developed for the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program by the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering ...

    • A Hybrid Surface Reference Technique and Its Application to the TRMM Precipitation Radar 

      Meneghini, R.; Jones, J. A.; Iguchi, T.; Okamoto, K.; Kwiatkowski, J. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Satellite weather radars that operate at attenuating wavelengths require an estimate of path attenuation to reconstruct the range profile of rainfall. One such method is the surface reference technique (SRT), by which ...

    • Gas Exchange and Bubble-Induced Supersaturation in a Wind-Wave Tank 

      Bowyer, Peter; Woolf, David (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Gas exchange and bubble-induced supersaturation were measured in a wind-wave tank using total gas saturation meters. The water in the tank was subjected to bubbling using a large number of frits at a depth of 0.6 m. A ...

    • Development of an Inexpensive Raindrop Size Spectrometer 

      Henson, William; Austin, Geoff; Oudenhoven, Harry (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      The deployment of weather radar, notably in mountainous terrain with many microclimates, requires the use of several or even many drop size spectrometers to provide confidence in the quantitative relation between radar ...

    • Characterization of Upper-Troposphere Water Vapor Measurements during AFWEX Using LASE 

      Ferrare, R. A.; Browell, E. V.; Ismail, S.; Kooi, S. A.; Brasseur, L. H.; Brackett, V. G.; Clayton, M. B.; Barrick, J. D. W.; Diskin, G. S.; Goldsmith, J. E. M.; Lesht, B. M.; Podolske, J. R.; Sachse, G. W.; Schmidlin, F. J.; Turner, D. D.; Whiteman, D. N.; Tobin, D.; Miloshevich, L. M.; Revercomb, H. E.; Demoz, B. B.; Di Girolamo, P. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Water vapor mass mixing ratio profiles from NASA's Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) system acquired during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)?First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project ...

    • Temperature Microstructure beneath Surface Gravity Waves 

      Stevens, Craig L.; Smith, Murray J. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      Oceanic turbulence very near the water surface controls heat, momentum, energy, and mass transfer at the air?sea interface. This study examines the use of a rising temperature microstructure profiler for determination of ...

    • Singularities and Undefinitions in the Calibration Functions of Sonic Anemometers 

      Cuerva, Alvaro; Sanz-Andrés, Angel; López, Oscar (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A mathematical model of the process employed by a sonic anemometer to build up the measured wind vector in a steady flow is presented to illustrate the way the geometry of these sensors as well as the characteristics of ...

    • Performance of Quality Assurance Procedures for an Applied Climate Information System 

      Hubbard, K. G.; Goddard, S.; Sorensen, W. D.; Wells, N.; Osugi, T. T. (American Meteorological Society, 2005)
      Valid data are required to make climate assessments and to make climate-related decisions. The objective of this paper is threefold: to introduce an explicit treatment of Type I and Type II errors in evaluating the performance ...

    • South China Sea Wind-Wave Characteristics. Part I: Validation of Wavewatch-III Using TOPEX/Poseidon Data 

      Chu, Peter C.; Qi, Yiquan; Chen, Yuchun; Shi, Ping; Mao, Qingwen (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A full-spectral third-generation ocean wind-wave model, Wavewatch-III, has been implemented in the South China Sea (SCS) for investigating wind-wave characteristics. This model was developed at the Ocean Modeling Branch ...

    • Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. Part I: Instrument Design 

      Knuteson, R. O.; Revercomb, H. E.; Best, F. A.; Ciganovich, N. C.; Dedecker, R. G.; Dirkx, T. P.; Ellington, S. C.; Feltz, W. F.; Garcia, R. K.; Howell, H. B.; Smith, W. L.; Short, J. F.; Tobin, D. C. (American Meteorological Society, 2004)
      A ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer has been developed to measure the atmospheric downwelling infrared radiance spectrum at the earth's surface with high absolute accuracy. The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance ...