Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2221-2240 of 5084
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Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar Deployment at the ARM Southern Great Plains Site: Intercomparison of Cloud Property Retrievals
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL), a new instrument that measures cloud optical and geometrical properties by means of off-beam lidar returns, was deployed as part of a multi-instrument campaign to probe a cloud field ... -
Impact of Radar Tilt and Ground Clutter on Wind Measurements in Clear Air
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)From geometrical considerations, the optimum tilt angle for a meteorological radar at which the best possible vertical resolution results is derived. This optimum angle is a compromise between the effects of beam divergence ... -
Error Characteristics of Rainfall Measurements by Collocated Joss–Waldvogel Disdrometers
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Error characteristics of rainfall measurements were studied using six collocated Joss?Waldvogel (JW) disdrometers that are located at NASA?s Wallops Flight Facility. The six disdrometer means of rain rate R, reflectivity ... -
Multi-PRI Signal Processing for the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar. Part I: Clutter Filtering
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Multiple pulse repetition interval (multi-PRI) transmission is part of an adaptive signal transmission and processing algorithm being developed to aggressively combat range?velocity ambiguity in weather radars. In the past, ... -
Some Concerns when Using Data from the Cooperative Weather Station Networks: A Nebraska Case Study
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)In this study, daily temperature and precipitation amounts that are observed by the Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) were compared among geographically close stations. Hourly observations from nearby Automatic Weather ... -
Microwave Rainfall Estimation over Coasts
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The microwave coastal rain identification procedure that has been used by NASA for over 10 yr, and also more recently by NOAA, for different instruments beginning with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), is updated ... -
A Modified Beam-to-Earth Transformation to Measure Short-Wavelength Internal Waves with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The algorithm used to transform velocity signals from beam coordinates to earth coordinates in an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) relies on the assumption that the currents are uniform over the horizontal distance ... -
Measurement of Directional Wave Spectra Using Aircraft Laser Altimeters
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)A remote sensing method to measure directional oceanic surface waves by three laser altimeters on the NOAA LongEZ aircraft is investigated. To examine feasibility and sensitivity of the wavelet analysis method to various ... -
An Integrated System for the Study of Wind-Wave Source Terms in Finite-Depth Water
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)A field experiment to study the spectral balance of the source terms for wind-generated waves in finite water depth was carried out in Lake George, Australia. The measurements were made from a shore-connected platform at ... -
Numerical and Physical Diffusion: Can Wave Prediction Models Resolve Directional Spread?
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)A new semi-Lagrangian advection scheme called multistep ray advection is proposed for solving the spectral energy balance equation of ocean surface gravity waves. Existing so-called piecewise ray methods advect wave energy ... -
Displacement Measurement Errors from Moving Platforms
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Errors in eddy correlation measurements from moving platforms (aircraft, ships, buoys, blimps, tethered balloons, and kites) include contamination of the measured fluctuations by superficial fluctuations associated with ... -
Wave-Follower Field Measurements of the Wind-Input Spectral Function. Part I: Measurements and Calibrations
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)An experimental study of wind energy and momentum input into finite-depth wind waves was undertaken at Lake George, New South Wales, Australia. To measure microscale oscillations of induced pressure above surface waves, a ... -
Simultaneous Measurement of Ocean Winds and Waves with an Airborne Coherent Real Aperture Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)A coherent, X-band airborne radar has been developed to measure wind speed and direction simultaneously with directional wave spectra on the ocean. The coherent real aperture radar (CORAR) measures received power, mean ... -
Factors Affecting the Accuracy of SHOWEX HF Radar Wave Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Ocean Surface Current Radar (OSCR) HF radar measurements of ocean waves and currents were made during the Shoaling Waves Experiment (SHOWEX) in the fall of 1999. During some periods, at some locations, good quality wave ... -
GPS Meteorology: Sliding-Window Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The sliding-window technique uses a moving time window to select GPS data for processing. This makes it possible to routinely incorporate the most recently collected data and generate estimates for atmospheric delay or ... -
Measurements of Ocean Surface Backscattering Using an Airborne 94-GHz Cloud Radar—Implication for Calibration of Airborne and Spaceborne W-Band Radars
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)Backscattering properties of the ocean surface have been widely used as a calibration reference for airborne and spaceborne microwave sensors. However, at millimeter-wave frequencies, the ocean surface backscattering ... -
Measuring Clustering in Clouds Using Non-Rayleigh Signal Statistics
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The clustering or clumping of droplets appears to be nearly ubiquitous in clouds. Clustering likely plays roles in a number of different physical processes, from the growth of hail, to snow aggregation, to the growth of ... -
Antenna Pattern Analysis and Measurements for Multiparameter Radars
(American Meteorological Society, 1993)Measuring the full polarization matrix using a research radar requires knowledge of the complex (i.e., amplitude and phase) antenna pattern to properly correct for bias errors in the measurements. However, generally only ... -
In Situ Measurement of the Water Vapor 18O/16O Isotope Ratio for Atmospheric and Ecological Applications
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)In this paper a system for in situ measurement of H216O/H218O in air based on tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption spectroscopy is described. Laboratory tests showed that its 60-min precision (one standard deviation) was ... -
Shattering during Sampling by OAPs and HVPS. Part I: Snow Particles
(American Meteorological Society, 2005)The data on cloud particle sizes and concentrations collected with the help of aircraft imaging probes [optical array probes OAP-2DC, OAP-2DP, and the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS)] are widely used for cloud ...